Dewi, Desak Made Lestari (2026) Eksplorasi Potensi Antikanker Nanopartikel Perak Berbasis Glutamin dan Ekstrak Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) pada Sel Kanker Serviks (HeLa). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kanker serviks salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada perempuan dan sebagian besar berkaitan dengan infeksi Human Papillomavirus (HPV) onkogenik. Sel HeLa berasal dari karsinoma serviks invasif dengan infeksi HPV-18, banyak digunakan sebagai model in vitro dalam penelitian kanker serviks karena stabilitas genetik serta keterlibatannya dalam jalur molekuler penting, termasuk inaktivasi p53 oleh onkoprotein E6. Kemoterapi sering menimbulkan efek samping yang signifikan, sehingga diperlukan pengembangan agen antikanker alternatif yang lebih aman dan selektif. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi potensi antikanker nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) yang difungsionalisasi dengan glutamin dan dikonjugasikan dengan ekstrak cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap sel kanker serviks HeLa. Glutamin berperan dalam meningkatkan stabilitas dan biokompatibilitas nanopartikel, sedangkan eugenol sebagai senyawa aktif utama dalam ekstrak cengkeh memiliki aktivitas antikanker. AgNPs disintesis menggunakan metode green synthesis dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Aktivitas antikanker diuji melalui uji sitotoksisitas metode MTT, analisis apoptosis dan nekrosis menggunakan flow cytometry (Annexin V-APC/PI), serta analisis ekspresi gen menggunakan RT-qPCR terhadap gen CDK1, BCL-2, dan CASPASE-9 dengan GAPDH sebagai gen referensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AgNPs berbasis ekstrak cengkeh yang difungsionalisasi dengan glutamin (Ag@GluNPs) memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel HeLa dengan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 10,98 µg/mL dan mampu menginduksi apoptosis secara konsentrasi-dependent, meskipun efektivitasnya masih lebih rendah dibandingkan paclitaxel sebagai kontrol positif. Selain itu, Ag@GluNPs menurunkan ekspresi CDK1 serta memodulasi ekspresi BCL-2 dan CASPASE-9, yang mengindikasikan keterlibatan penghambatan siklus sel dan jalur apoptosis intrinsik. Dengan demikian, Ag@GluNPs berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat agen antikanker alternatif berbasis nanoteknologi dan bahan alami untuk terapi kanker serviks.
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Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women and is predominantly associated with infection by oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HeLa cells, derived from invasive cervical carcinoma infected with HPV-18, are widely used as an in vitro model in cervical cancer research due to their genetic stability and involvement in key molecular pathways, including p53 inactivation mediated by the E6 oncoprotein. Conventional chemotherapy often causes significant side effects, highlighting the need for the development of safer and more selective alternative anticancer agents. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with glutamine and conjugated with clove extract (Syzygium aromaticum) against HeLa cervical cancer cells. Glutamine was employed to enhance nanoparticle stability and biocompatibility, while eugenol, the main bioactive compound in clove extract, exhibits known anticancer activity. AgNPs were synthesized using a green synthesis approach and characterized by UV–Visible spectrophotometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Anticancer activity was assessed through cytotoxicity analysis using the MTT assay, apoptosis and necrosis evaluation via flow cytometry (Annexin V-APC/PI), and gene expression analysis of CDK1, BCL-2, and CASPASE-9 using RT-qPCR, with GAPDH as the reference gene. The results demonstrated that glutamine-functionalized, clove extract–based AgNPs (Ag@GluNPs) exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with an IC₅₀ value of 10.98 µg/mL and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, although their efficacy remained lower than that of paclitaxel as a positive control. Furthermore, Ag@GluNPs downregulated CDK1 expression and modulated BCL-2 and CASPASE-9 expression, indicating the involvement of cell cycle inhibition and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These findings suggest that Ag@GluNPs have potential as alternative anticancer candidates based on nanotechnology and natural products for cervical cancer therapy.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | AgNPs, Antikanker, Glutamin, Cengkeh, HeLa, AgNPs, Anticancer, Glutamine, Clove, HeLa |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QH Biology > QH541.15.T68 Toxicity testing |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Desak Made Lestari Dewi |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jan 2026 08:25 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jan 2026 08:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131027 |
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