Sanjaya, Muhammad Rizky (2026) Efektivitas Microwave Assisted Extraction dan Microwave Assisted Extraction – Batchwise Solvent Extraction dalam Ekstraksi Kulit Manggis sebagai Antioksidan dan Antikanker. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kanker masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian di dunia dan erat kaitannya dengan stres oksidatif akibat peningkatan produksi Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioksidan alami seperti α-mangostin dan katekin yang terkandung dalam kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antikanker yang potensial. Namun, perolehan senyawa bioaktif tersebut secara efisien dan selektif masih menjadi tantangan, terutama pada tahap ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) dan metode kombinasi MAE–Batchwise Solvent Extraction (MAE–BSE) dalam mengekstraksi senyawa bioaktif dari kulit manggis. Optimasi proses MAE dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan Response Surface Methodology–Central Composite Design (RSM–CCD) dengan tiga variabel utama, yaitu daya microwave, waktu ekstraksi, dan rasio solid-to-solvent, serta respon berupa yield ekstrak, total phenolic content (TPC), dan aktivitas antioksidan (DPPH). Kondisi operasi optimum MAE diperoleh pada daya 450–500 W, waktu ekstraksi 5 menit, dan rasio solid-to-solvent 1:16 g/mL. Tahap pemurnian lanjutan menggunakan BSE terbukti meningkatkan selektivitas ekstraksi secara signifikan, dengan peningkatan kadar α-mangostin pada fraksi non-polar lebih dari tiga kali lipat dan peningkatan kadar katekin pada fraksi polar lebih dari empat kali lipat dibandingkan MAE tanpa pemurnian. Aktivitas antioksidan dievaluasi menggunakan uji DPPH dan malondialdehyde (MDA) secara in vivo, sedangkan potensi antikanker dianalisis melalui uji sitotoksisitas terhadap sel kanker payudara MDA-MB-231 menggunakan metode MTT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode MAE lebih sesuai untuk aplikasi yang membutuhkan aktivitas antioksidan dan antikanker berbasis sinergi senyawa bioaktif, sedangkan metode MAE–BSE menawarkan keunggulan dalam meningkatkan selektivitas dan kemurnian senyawa target untuk aplikasi farmakologis atau nutraseutikal yang lebih spesifik.
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Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, largely associated with oxidative stress resulting from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Natural antioxidants such as α-mangostin and catechin, abundantly present in mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.), have demonstrated promising antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, optimizing extraction methods to obtain these bioactive compounds with high efficiency and selectivity remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and the combined MAE–Batchwise Solvent Extraction (MAE–BSE) method for extracting bioactive compounds from mangosteen peel. Three main variables in MAE, namely microwave power, extraction time, and solid-to-solvent ratio, were optimized using Response Surface Methodology–Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD), with extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity as response variables. The optimized MAE condition was obtained at 450–500 W, 5 min extraction time, and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:16 g/mL. Subsequent purification using BSE significantly enhanced extraction selectivity, increasing α-mangostin concentration in the non-polar fraction by more than threefold and catechin concentration in the polar fraction by more than fourfold compared to MAE without purification. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and in vivo malondialdehyde (MDA) assays, while anticancer potential was assessed through MTT cytotoxicity testing against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate that MAE is more suitable for applications requiring synergistic antioxidant and anticancer activity, whereas MAE–BSE offers clear advantages in improving selectivity and purity of target bioactive compounds for specific pharmacological or nutraceutical applications.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Antikanker, Antioksidan, Batchwise Solvent Extraction (BSE), Katekin, Kulit manggis, Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), α-mangostin, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Batchwise Solvent Extraction (BSE), Catechin, Mangosteen Pericarp, Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), α-mangostin |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63 Extraction Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR 201.T84 Tumors. Cancer T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.A5 Antioxidants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Muhammad Rizky Sanjaya |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jan 2026 09:39 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jan 2026 09:39 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131142 |
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