Uji Toksisitas Campuran Herbisida Glifosat-Triklopir pada Gulma Babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) dan Penentuan Keamanan pada Biota Non-Target

Fitria, Desiamy (2026) Uji Toksisitas Campuran Herbisida Glifosat-Triklopir pada Gulma Babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) dan Penentuan Keamanan pada Biota Non-Target. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) merupakan gulma invasif yang sulit dikendalikan dan berpotensi menurunkan produktivitas lahan pertanian dan perkebunan. Pengendalian gulma secara kimia menggunakan herbisida sintetis seperti glifosat dan triklopir terbukti efektif, namun penggunaan yang tidak terkendali berisiko menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap kualitas tanah dan organisme non-target. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian terpadu untuk menentukan konsentrasi campuran herbisida yang efektif menekan mortalitas dan biomassa gulma sasaran, sekaligus aman bagi ekosistem tanah.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi efektif campuran herbisida glifosat–triklopir terhadap gulma babandotan serta mengevaluasi dampaknya terhadap respirasi tanah dan biota non-target. Uji fitotoksisitas dilakukan menggunakan empat taraf konsentrasi (0; 41,6; 60,1; dan 78,5 mg/L) dengan tiga variasi kepadatan tanaman (3, 4, dan 5 tanaman per reaktor) dan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 56 hari dengan interval 14 hari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi mortalitas total, penekanan biomassa basah dan kering, serta perubahan morfologi gulma. Konsentrasi terpilih selanjutnya diuji melalui uji respirasi tanah menggunakan metode penangkapan CO₂ dan uji toksisitas akut selama 14 hari terhadap cacing tanah Eisenia fetida.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 78,5 mg/L merupakan konsentrasi paling efektif dengan mortalitas gulma >90% dan penekanan biomassa >90% pada seluruh variasi kepadatan. Uji respirasi tanah menunjukkan penurunan produksi CO₂ dari rata-rata 9,8 mg C-CO₂/200 g tanah/hari pada kontrol menjadi 7,1 mg C-CO₂/200 g tanah/hari pada perlakuan, namun masih berada dalam kisaran aktivitas biologis normal tanah. Uji toksisitas akut menunjukkan mortalitas cacing <10% tanpa perbedaan signifikan terhadap kontrol serta penurunan berat tubuh <5%. Dengan demikian, konsentrasi 78,5 mg/L dinilai efektif mengendalikan gulma babandotan dan relatif aman bagi biota non-target.

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Ageratum conyzoides is an invasive weed that is difficult to control and can significantly reduce agricultural productivity. Chemical weed control using synthetic herbicides such as glyphosate and triclopyr is widely applied due to its effectiveness; however, excessive and uncontrolled use may cause adverse impacts on soil quality and non-target organisms. Therefore, an integrated assessment is required to determine an effective herbicide concentration that suppresses weed mortality and biomass while maintaining environmental safety.
This study aimed to determine the effective concentration of a glyphosate–triclopyr herbicide mixture for controlling A. conyzoides and to evaluate its effects on soil respiration and non-target soil organisms. Phytotoxicity tests were conducted using four concentration levels (0, 41,6; 60,1; and 78,5 mg/L) combined with three plant density variations (3, 4, and 5 plants per reactor), each with three replications. Observations were carried out for 56 days at 14-day intervals. Parameters observed included total mortality, fresh and dry biomass suppression, and visual morphological changes. The selected effective concentration was further evaluated through soil respiration tests using the CO₂ capture method and a 14-day acute toxicity test on earthworms (Eisenia fetida).
The results showed that a concentration of 78,5 mg/L was the most effective treatment, achieving more than 90% weed mortality and over 90% biomass suppression across all density variations. Soil respiration analysis indicated a decrease in CO₂ production from an average of 9,8 mg C-CO₂/200 g soil/day in the control to 7,1 mg C-CO₂/200 g soil/day in the treated soil, while remaining within the normal biological activity range of soil. Acute toxicity testing showed earthworm mortality below 10%, with no statistically significant difference from the control and body weight reduction of less than 5%. These findings indicate that the glyphosate–triclopyr mixture at 78,5 mg/L is effective for controlling A. conyzoides and relatively safe for non-target soil organisms.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ageratum conyzoides, glifosat, triklopir, toksisitas, Eisenia fetida, Ageratum conyzoides, glyphosate, triclopyr, toxicity, Eisenia fetida
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH541.15.T68 Toxicity testing Q Science > QH Biology > QH541.5.S35 Seashore. Tidal pools S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General)
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Desiamy Fitria
Date Deposited:	29 Jan 2026 09:13
Last Modified:	29 Jan 2026 09:13
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131176

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