Ramadhani, Regita Amalia (2026) Ekstraksi Daun Rosemary Menggunakan Metode Microwave Hydrodistillation (MHD) dan Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) untuk Aplikasi Aromaterapi dan Inhibitor Korosi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Minyak atsiri rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) merupakan senyawa aromatik alami yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang aromaterapi, farmasi, dan industri berbasis bahan alam, sehingga diperlukan metode ekstraksi yang efisien, ramah lingkungan, dan mampu menghasilkan rendemen tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan mengoptimasi proses ekstraksi minyak atsiri daun rosemary menggunakan metode Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) dan Microwave Hydrodistillation (MHD) serta mengevaluasi potensi pemanfaatan produk dan limbah hasil ekstraksi sebagai minyak aromaterapi dan inhibitor korosi. Variabel proses yang dikaji meliputi daya microwave (150–450 W), rasio feed-to-distiller (F/D) (0.05–0.15 g/mL) untuk SFME, rasio feed-to-solvent (F/S) (0.1–0.3 g/mL) untuk MHD dan waktu ekstraksi (30–90 menit) pada tekanan atmosferik. Optimasi proses dilakukan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan desain Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel proses memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap endemen minyak atsiri. Metode MHD menghasilkan rendemen maksimum sebesar 3.7342% pada kondisi operasi optimal, sedangkan metode SFME menghasilkan rendemen maksimum sebesar 3.1679%. Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa model kuadratik mampu merepresentasikan hubungan antara variabel proses dan respon dengan baik. Pemodelan kinetika ekstraksi menunjukkan bahwa metode SFME cenderung mengikuti pola non-linear akibat dominasi mekanisme pemanasan volumetrik dan ruptur sel, sedangkan metode MHD menunjukkan kecenderungan laju ekstraksi yang lebih linear karena dikendalikan oleh proses distilasi uap dan perpindahan massa. Minyak atsiri rosemary hasil ekstraksi berpotensi diaplikasikan sebagai minyak aromaterapi, sementara limbah padat hasil ekstraksi menunjukkan efisiensi inhibisi korosi aluminium dalam larutan HCl sebesar 50–66%, yang meningkat seiring kenaikan konsentrasi inhibitor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi berbantuan microwave tidak hanya efektif dalam meningkatkan rendemen minyak atsiri, tetapi juga mendukung konsep pemanfaatan limbah dan keberlanjutan proses.
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Rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a natural aromatic compound that is widely used in the fields of aromatherapy, pharmaceuticals, and industries based on natural ingredients, so an efficient extraction method is needed, environmentally friendly, and able to produce high yields. This study aims to study and optimize the extraction process of rosemary leaf essential oils using the SolventFree Microwave Extraction (SFME) and Microwave Hydrodistillation (MHD) methods and evaluate the potential utilization of extracted products and waste as aromatherapy oils and corrosion inhibitors. The process variables studied included microwave power (150–450 W), feed-to-distiller (F/D) ratio (0.050.15 g/mL) for SFME, feed-to-solvent (F/S) ratio (0.1–0.3 g/mL) for MHD and extraction time (30–90 minutes) at atmospheric pressure. Process optimization is carried out using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken Design (BBD) design. The results of the study show that the three process variables have a significant influence on the yield of essential oils. The MHD method produces a maximum yield of 3.7342% under optimal operating conditions, while the SFME method produces a maximum yield of 3.1679%. ANOVA analysis shows that the quadratic model is able to represent the relationship between process variables and responses well. Extraction kinetics modeling shows that the SFME method tends to follow a non-linear pattern due to the dominance of volumetric heating and cell rupture mechanisms, while the MHD method shows a tendency for a more linear extraction rate as it is controlled by the steam distillation process and mass transfer. Extracted rosemary essential oil has the potential to be applied as an aromatherapy oil, while extracted solid waste shows an efficiency of inhibition of aluminum corrosion in HCl solution of 50–66%, which increases as the concentration of inhibitors increases. The results of this study show that the microwave-assisted extraction method is not only effective in increasing essential oil yield, but also supports the concept of waste utilization and process sustainability.
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