Gumilang, Armanizar Adji (2026) Regenerasi Kimia pada Karbon Aktif Tempurung Kelapa Termodifikasi Fe3O4 untuk Ketahanan Adsorpsi Terhadap Logam Berat Pb(II) dan Cd(II). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Regenerasi karbon aktif merupakan strategi penting untuk menekan biaya operasi dan limbah padat pada pengolahan air yang tercemar logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi ketahanan adsorpsi karbon aktif tempurung kelapa termodifikasi magnetit (M-AC) terhadap Pb(II) dan Cd(II) melalui regenerasi kimia. Karbon aktif disintesis dari tempurung kelapa, diaktivasi, kemudian dimodifikasi dengan Fe₃O₄ menggunakan planetary ball mill (rasio massa AC:Fe₃O₄ = 3:1; rasio massa AC:bola = 1:50; 500 rpm; 6 jam) agar adsorben bersifat magnetik dan mudah dipisahkan dari larutan. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan XRD, SEM–EDX, dan BET. Uji adsorpsi batch dilakukan pada larutan Pb(II) dan Cd(II) 50 mg/l (pH 5; 180 rpm; 120 menit) menggunakan 0,5 g adsorben dalam 100 mL larutan, kemudian dihitung kapasitas adsorpsi (Qe) dan efisiensi adsorpsi (η). Regenerasi dilakukan melalui desorpsi menggunakan HCl dan NaOH. Selanjutnya dievaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi HCl (0,1; 0,2 dan 0,3 M) dan waktu kontak (90; 120 dan 150 menit) terhadap kapasitas desorpsi (Qdes) dan efisiensi desorpsi (DE), serta ketahanan performa pada lima siklus regenerasi (adsorpsi-desorpsi). Hasil XRD mengonfirmasi keberadaan fase magnetit pada M-AC, sedangkan EDX menunjukkan Fe pada permukaan M-AC sebesar 10,73 wt.%. Modifikasi Fe₃O₄ menurunkan luas permukaan spesifik dari 356,04 menjadi 319,35 m²/g, tetapi meningkatkan volume pori total dari 0,256 menjadi 0,3166 cm³/g dan memperlebar diameter pori rata-rata dari 2,88 menjadi 3,97 nm. Pada siklus pertama, M-AC menunjukkan η 99,58% (Qe 9,958 mg/g) untuk Pb(II) dan η 96,44% (Qe 9,644 mg/g) untuk Cd(II). Regenerasi asam (HCl) lebih efektif daripada basa (NaOH). Kondisi terbaik pada rentang yang diuji adalah HCl 0,3 M selama 150 menit dengan DE 66% untuk Pb(II) dan 50% untuk Cd(II). Setelah lima siklus, η menurun menjadi 71,60% pada Pb(II) dan 49,40% pada Cd(II), menunjukkan retensi kinerja yang lebih stabil untuk Pb(II).
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Regeneration of activated carbon is an important strategy to reduce operating costs and solid-waste generation in the treatment of heavy-metal-contaminated water. This study evaluated the adsorption durability of magnetite-modified coconut-shell activated carbon (M-AC) for Pb(II) and Cd(II) through chemical regeneration. Activated carbon was produced from coconut shells, activated, and subsequently modified with Fe₃O₄ using a planetary ball mill (AC:Fe₃O₄ mass ratio = 3:1; AC:ball mass ratio = 1:50; 500 rpm; 6 h) to impart magnetic separability and facilitate post-treatment recovery. The materials were characterized using XRD, SEM–EDX, and BET analyses. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted using Pb(II) and Cd(II) solutions (50 mg L⁻¹; pH 5; 180 rpm; 120 min) with an adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g in 100 mL solution. Adsorption performance was quantified in terms of adsorption capacity (Qe) and adsorption efficiency (η). Chemical regeneration was performed via desorption using HCl and NaOH solutions. The effects of HCl concentration (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M) and contact time (90, 120, and 150 min) on desorption capacity (Qdes) and desorption efficiency (DE) were evaluated, along with performance stability over five adsorption–regeneration cycles. XRD confirmed the presence of magnetite phases in M-AC, while SEM–EDX indicated an Fe content of 10.73 wt.% on the M-AC surface. Fe₃O₄ modification reduced the specific surface area from 356.04 to 319.35 m² g⁻¹, but increased the total pore volume from 0.256 to 0.3166 cm³ g⁻¹ and enlarged the average pore diameter from 2.88 to 3.97 nm. In the first cycle, M-AC achieved η values of 99.58% (Qe = 9.958 mg g⁻¹) for Pb(II) and 96.44% (Qe = 9.644 mg g⁻¹) for Cd(II). Acid regeneration (HCl) was more effective than base regeneration (NaOH). The best condition within the tested range was 0.3 M HCl for 150 min, yielding DE values of 66% for Pb(II) and 50% for Cd(II). After five cycles, η decreased to 71.60% for Pb(II) and 49.40% for Cd(II), indicating more stable performance retention for Pb(II) than for Cd(II).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kata Kunci: karbon aktif magnetik; tempurung kelapa; regenerasi kimia; Pb(II); Cd(II). ======================================================================================================================== Keywords: magnetic activated carbon; coconut shell; chemical regeneration; Pb(II); Cd(II). |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD547 Flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, etc. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Armanizar Adji Gumilang |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Feb 2026 07:00 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Feb 2026 07:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131589 |
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