Wardhana, Sandy Tria Kusuma (2026) Optimasi High Pressure Heater pada PLTU 315 MW Berbasis Analisa Termodinamika & Perpindahan Panas dan Htri Xchanger dengan Variasi Material Tube, Baffle Spacing, dan Kecepatan Feedwater. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
High Pressure Heater (HPH) berperan penting dalam sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) sebagai pemanas feedwater untuk meningkatkan efisiensi termal melalui pemanfaatan panas dari uap ekstraksi turbin. Namun, tantangan seperti desain yang belum optimal, kondisi operasi bertekanan dan bersuhu tinggi, serta risiko kerusakan akibat kebocoran masih sering terjadi, terutama pada unit HPH #1. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi dan optimasi desain HPH #1 pada PLTU berkapasitas 315 MW, menggunakan pendekatan analitis berbasis termodinamika dan perpindahan panas serta software HTRI Xchanger. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan data heat balance aktual. Metodologi penelitian melibatkan analisis terhadap 18 variasi yang mencakup jenis material tube (SA 556 A2 dan SA 213 T22), kecepatan aliran feedwater (1,6 , 1,8 , dan 2,0 m/s), dan baffle spacing (0,2 , 0,3 , dan 0,4 ID shell). Analisa tiap variasi dilakukan untuk menentukan pengaruhnya terhadap penurunan tekanan (pressure drop) dan koefisien perpindahan panas keseluruhan. Hasil tersebut selanjutnya digunakan sebagai dasar dalam memilih desain optimal yang mampu meningkatkan efisiensi perpindahan panas, menurunkan tekanan secara optimal, serta mengurangi potensi kerusakan pada unit. Peningkatan kecepatan aliran feedwater terbukti menaikkan koefisien perpindahan panas menyeluruh (U), namun di sisi lain juga memperbesar pressure drop sisi tube. Sebaliknya, pelebaran jarak baffle spacing efektif menurunkan pressure drop sisi shell karena perluasan area crossflow, namun berdampak pada penurunan nilai (U). Dari segi material, penggunaan SA 556 A2 menghasilkan performa termal yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan SA 213 T22 dikarenakan konduktivitas termalnya yang lebih baik. Desain optimal ditemukan pada kombinasi material SA 556 A2, kecepatan aliran 2,0 m/s, dan baffle spacing 0,3 ID shell, yang menghasilkan nilai U sebesar 4.029,2 W/m².K dengan pressure drop sisi shell 69,72 kPa. Analisis vibrasi pada desain ini menunjukkan rasio instabilitas sebesar 0,752, yang memenuhi standar keamanan TEMA dan HTRI. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa integrasi variasi mekanis dan material dapat mengoptimalkan efisiensi termal tanpa mengorbankan keamanan struktur alat.
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High Pressure Heater (HPH) plays a crucial role in the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) system as a feedwater heater to enhance thermal efficiency through the utilization of heat from turbine extraction steam. However, challenges such as sub-optimal design, high-pressure and high-temperature operating conditions, as well as the risk of damage due to leakage still occur frequently, especially in the HPH #1 unit. This study aims to evaluate and optimize the design of HPH #1 at a 315 MW capacity steam power plant, using an analytical approach based on thermodynamics and Heat transfer as well as HTRI Xchanger software. The analysis is conducted based on actual heat balance data. The research methodology involves the analysis of 18 variations covering tube material types (SA 556 A2 and SA 213 T22), feedwater flow velocities (1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 m/s), and baffle spacings (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 shell ID). Analysis of each variation is performed to determine its influence on pressure drop and the overall Heat transfer coefficient. These results are subsequently used as a basis for selecting the optimal design capable of increasing Heat transfer efficiency, optimally reducing pressure drop, and reducing potential damage to the unit. Increasing the feedwater flow velocity was shown to increase the overall Heat transfer coefficient (U), but simultaneously increased the tube-side pressure drop. Conversely, widening the baffle spacing effectively reduced the shell-side pressure drop due to the expansion of the crossflow area, but resulted in a decrease in the (U) value. In terms of material, the use of SA 556 A2 produced higher thermal performance compared to SA 213 T22 due to its better thermal conductivity. The optimal design was identified in the combination of SA 556 A2 material, a flow velocity of 2.0 m/s, and a baffle spacing of 0.3 shell ID, which resulted in a U value of 4,029.2 W/m².K with a shell-side pressure drop of 69.72 kPa. Vibration analysis on this design indicated an instability ratio of 0.752, which meets TEMA and HTRI safety standards. This study proves that the integration of mechanical and material variations can optimize thermal efficiency without compromising the structural safety of the equipment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Desain, High Pressure Feedwater Heater, Heat transfer, HTRI Xchanger, Design. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Sandy Tria Kusuma Wardhana |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Feb 2026 03:41 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Feb 2026 03:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131632 |
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