Adrianto, Hendri (2026) Analisis Karakteristik Struktur Mikro dan Hardenability Test Hasil 3D Print Metal WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) Terhadap Perbedaan Ampere dan Travel Speed. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 2038211026-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
2038211026-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (35MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Teknologi Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) merupakan salah satu metode manufaktur aditif berbasis Directed Energy Deposition (DED) dengan laju pengendapan tinggi untuk komponen logam yang memiliki dimensi besar. Teknologi ini memungkinkan manufaktur komponen dengan kompleksitas geometris dan bentuk mendekati bentuk bersih langsung dari model 3D melalui pengendapan, hal ini dapat meminimalkan limbah material dan memperpendek siklus produksi yang ekonomis. Mesin WAAM menggunakan sistem gerak kontrol CNC yang menggerakkan nozzle las MIG (Metal Inert Gas). Mesin las menggunakan elektroda ER70S-6 (Mild Steel) diameter 1,2 mm dan gas argon (99,99%). Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh variasi Ampere dan Travel Speed terhadap karakteristik struktur mikro dan nilai kekerasan material baja karbon rendah hasil deposisi mesin WAAM MIG menggunakan kawat elektroda ER70S-6. Sembilan variasi spesimen dibuat menggunakan parameter arus dengan tiga level yaitu 110A, 130A, dan 150A, sedangkan travel speed juga menggunakan tiga level yaitu 100 mm/min, 140 mm/min, dan 180 mm/min pada tegangan konstan 19V. Hasil pengamatan metalografi menunjukkan struktur mikro didominasi oleh fase ferrite dengan jumlah rata-rata persentase 77,51% dan Pearlite 22,49%. Pengukuran butir menggunakan metode intercept ASTM E112 yang menghasilkan rentang nilai G antara 8.0 – 9.5 yang mengindikasikan struktur butir yang halus. Uji kekerasan Vickers yang menggunakan pembebanan HV 10 (10 kgf) menunjukkan bahwa nilai kekerasan maksimum dicapai sebesar 207.3 HV diperoleh pada parameter Heat Input terendah (110A; 180 mm/min). Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa travel speed memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai kekerasan dengan P-Value 0.010 (P < 0.05). Peningkatan travel speed dan penurunan heat input secara efektif meningkatkan kehalusan butir dan kekerasan material hasil WAAM. Secara keseluruhan spesimen bonding antar layer tetapi secara mikro dan nilai kekerasan Parameter yang memiliki nilai data homogen dari Coefficient of Variation < 10% yaitu Spesimen 1, Spesimen 2, Spesimen 4, dan Spesimen 6. Parameter optimal didapati pada spesimen 1 (110 A: 100 mm/min) karena memiliki bonding layer yang baik dan nilai kekerasan mendekati dengan Baja S355 dengan kekerasan 170,5 HV.
=================================================================================================================================
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology is a Directed Energy Deposition (DED)-based additive manufacturing method with a high deposition rate for large metal components. This technology enables the manufacture of components with geometric complexity and shapes close to the clean shape directly from a 3D model through deposition, which can minimize material waste and shorten the production cycle economically. WAAM machines use a CNC control motion system that moves the MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding nozzle. The welding machine uses a 1.2 mm diameter ER70S-6 (Mild Steel) electrode and argon gas (99.99%). This study analyzes the effect of variations in amperage and travel speed on the microstructural characteristics and hardness values of low-carbon steel deposited by a WAAM MIG machine using an ER70S-6 electrode wire. Nine specimen variations were made using current parameters with three levels, namely 110A, 130A, and 150A, while the travel speed also used three levels, namely 100 mm/min, 140 mm/min, and 180 mm/min at a constant voltage of 19V. Metallographic observations showed that the microstructure was dominated by ferrite phase with an average percentage of 77.51% and pearlite 22.49%. Grain measurement using the ASTM E112 intercept method resulted in a G value range of 8.0–9.5, indicating a fine grain structure. The Vickers hardness test using a load of HV 10 (10 kgf) showed that the maximum hardness value of 207.3 HV was achieved at the lowest Heat Input parameter (110A; 180 mm/min). The ANOVA test results show that travel speed has a significant effect on hardness values with a P-Value of 0.010 (P < 0.05). Increasing the travel speed and decreasing the heat input effectively improved the grain fineness and hardness of the WAAM material. Overall, the bonding between layers was good, but micro-wise and in terms of hardness, the parameters with homogeneous data values from the Coefficient of Variation < 10% were Specimen 1, Specimen 2, Specimen 4, and Specimen 6. The optimal parameters were found in Specimen 1 (110 A: 100 mm/min) because it had good layer bonding and a hardness value close to that of S355 steel with a hardness of 170.5 HV.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | WAAM, MIG, Ampere, Travel Speed, Struktur Mikro, Vickers, Heat Input, WAAM, MIG, Amperage, Travel Speed, Microstructure, Hardness, Heat Input |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN690 Metallography. Physical metallurgy T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS227 Welding. T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS320 Steel--Metallurgy. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4) |
| Depositing User: | Hendri Adrianto |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Feb 2026 04:36 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Feb 2026 04:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131733 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |