Pengembangan Bead Kitosan Termodifikasi Kitosan Alginat sebagai Bioadsorben untuk Penghilangan Ion Nikel (II) dan Tembaga (II)

Prawesti, Ade Ayin Okta (2026) Pengembangan Bead Kitosan Termodifikasi Kitosan Alginat sebagai Bioadsorben untuk Penghilangan Ion Nikel (II) dan Tembaga (II). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pencemaran ion logam berat nikel (Ni²⁺) dan tembaga (Cu²⁺) dalam limbah cair industri merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang serius karena bersifat toksik, persisten, dan tidak dapat terdegradasi secara alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bead kitosan termodifikasi alginat sebagai bioadsorben serta mengevaluasi kinerjanya dalam mengadsorpsi ion logam berat Ni²⁺ dan Cu²⁺ melalui kajian waktu kontak, kinetika adsorpsi, dan isoterm adsorpsi. Bead kitosan termodifikasi alginat disintesis menggunakan metode penetesan larutan campuran kitosan 1,5% (b/v) dan alginat 1% (b/v) ke dalam larutan NaOH 1 M hingga terbentuk bead padat yang stabil. Uji adsorpsi dilakukan menggunakan larutan simulasi ion Ni²⁺ dan Cu²⁺ dengan konsentrasi awal 5 mg/L. Analisis kinetika dilakukan melalui variasi waktu kontak, sedangkan analisis isoterm adsorpsi dilakukan melalui variasi massa adsorben pada kondisi kesetimbangan. Konsentrasi ion logam berat sebelum dan sesudah proses adsorpsi dianalisis menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan keberadaan gugus fungsi –NH₂, –OH, dan –COO⁻ yang berperan sebagai situs aktif adsorpsi, sedangkan hasil FESEM menunjukkan morfologi permukaan bead yang berpori dan tidak homogen. Analisis EDX mengonfirmasi keberadaan ion logam berat Ni²⁺ dan Cu²⁺ pada permukaan bead setelah proses adsorpsi, sementara hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa material bersifat semi-amorf. Hasil uji kinetika adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah ion logam berat yang teradsorpsi meningkat seiring bertambahnya waktu kontak dan mencapai kondisi mendekati kesetimbangan pada waktu kontak 360 menit, dengan kapasitas adsorpsi (qt) sebesar sekitar 6,7496 mg/g untuk ion Ni²⁺ dan 9,3271 mg/g untuk ion Cu²⁺. Analisis kinetika adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa data eksperimental lebih sesuai dengan model kinetika orde dua semu, yang mengindikasikan bahwa mekanisme adsorpsi didominasi oleh interaksi kimia antara ion logam dan gugus aktif adsorben. Sementara itu, analisis isoterm adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa data adsorpsi ion Ni²⁺ dan Cu²⁺ lebih sesuai dengan model isoterm Freundlich dengan R² lebih tinggi yakni 0,9803 (Ni²⁺) dan 0,8819 (Cu²⁺) dibandingkan model Langmuir dan Temkin, yang menunjukkan bahwa proses adsorpsi berlangsung pada permukaan heterogen dengan kemungkinan terbentuknya lapisan adsorpsi multilayer. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, bead kitosan termodifikasi alginat memiliki potensi yang baik sebagai bioadsorben ramah lingkungan untuk penghilangan ion nikel dan tembaga dari larutan berair.
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Pollution of heavy metal ions nickel (Ni²⁺) and copper (Cu²⁺) in industrial wastewater is a serious environmental problem because it is toxic, persistent, and cannot be degraded naturally. This study aims to develop alginate-modified chitosan beads as bioadsorbents and evaluate their performance in adsorbing heavy metal ions Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ through the study of contact time, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption isotherms. Alginate-modified chitosan beads were synthesized using the drop method of a mixture of 1.5% (w/v) chitosan and 1% (w/v) alginate into a 1 M NaOH solution until stable solid beads were formed. The adsorption test was carried out using simulated solutions of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions with an initial concentration of 5 mg/L. Kinetic analysis was carried out through variations in contact time, while adsorption isotherm analysis was carried out through variations in the mass of the adsorbent under equilibrium conditions. The concentration of heavy metal ions before and after the adsorption process was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). FTIR characterization results showed the presence of functional groups –NH₂, –OH, and –COO⁻ which act as active adsorption sites, while FESEM results showed porous and inhomogeneous bead surface morphology. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of heavy metal ions Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the bead surface after the adsorption process, while XRD results showed that the material was semi-amorphous. The adsorption kinetics test results showed that the amount of adsorbed heavy metal ions increased with increasing contact time and reached a condition close to equilibrium at a contact time of 360 minutes, with an adsorption capacity (qt) of approximately 6,7496 mg/g for Ni²⁺ ions and 9,3271 mg/g for Cu²⁺ ions. The adsorption kinetics analysis showed that the experimental data were more in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicated that the adsorption mechanism was dominated by chemical interactions between metal ions and active groups of the adsorbent. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm analysis showed that the adsorption data of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions were more in accordance with the Freundlich isotherm model with a higher R2 of 0,9803 (Ni2+) and 0,8819 (Cu2+) compared to the Langmuir and Temkin models, which indicated that the adsorption process took place on a heterogeneous surface with the possibility of forming a multilayer adsorption layer. Based on these results, alginate-modified chitosan beads have good potential as an environmentally friendly bioadsorbent for the removal of nickel and copper ions from aqueous solutions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bioadsorben, Adsorpsi, Alginat, Kitosan, Nikel, Tembaga, Biosorbent, Adsorption, Alginate, Chitosan, Nickel, Copper
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD117 Absorption Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD75.2 Chemistry, Analytic
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ade Ayin Okta Prawesti
Date Deposited:	03 Feb 2026 09:49
Last Modified:	03 Feb 2026 09:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131843

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