Model Distribusi Vaksin Human Papillomavirus (HPV) dalam Mendukung Program Vaksin Gratis: Studi Kasus Kepulauan Maluku

Saputra, Putu Tinadia Eka (2026) Model Distribusi Vaksin Human Papillomavirus (HPV) dalam Mendukung Program Vaksin Gratis: Studi Kasus Kepulauan Maluku. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Program vaksinasi Human Papillomavirus (HPV) merupakan upaya pemerintah dalam mencegah kanker serviks melalui imunisasi gratis bagi anak perempuan usia sekolah. Namun, pelaksanaan program ini menghadapi tantangan di Kepulauan Maluku yang terdiri dari banyak pulau kecil yang tersebar, akses transportasi terbatas, dan infrastruktur yang tidak merata. Kondisi tersebut membuat distribusi vaksin harus mengandalkan kombinasi transportasi laut dan darat, sehingga dibutuhkan model distribusi yang mampu menyesuaikan rute, ketersediaan moda transportasi, dan pemilihan kemasan untuk menjaga kualitas vaksin. Penelitian ini membagi distribusi vaksin ke dalam tiga tahap: tahap 1 dari pabrik ke Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi, tahap 2 dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi ke Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota, dan tahap 3 dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota ke puskesmas. Model dikembangkan menggunakan metode optimasi Integer Linear Programming dengan mempertimbangkan kapasitas cold storage, ketersediaan moda transportasi laut, serta jenis kemasan untuk menjaga suhu. Penelitian juga menerapkan batasan waktu distribusi agar tidak melebihi daya tahan kemasan vaksin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model mampu menghasilkan rute dan alokasi moda yang lebih efisien dibandingkan kondisi saat ini. Total biaya distribusi eksisting sebesar Rp 5,04 miliar dengan unit cost Rp 52.845 per dosis, sedangkan hasil optimasi menurunkan biaya menjadi Rp 4,95 miliar dengan unit cost Rp 51.900 per dosis. Sehingga, model penelitian ini mengakibatkan penurunan biaya distribusi sebesar 2% dari biaya distribusi saat ini. Pemilihan kemasan yang tepat juga terbukti menjaga kualitas vaksin selama pengiriman. Temuan ini memberikan acuan strategis dalam perancangan sistem distribusi vaksin yang efisien dan sesuai dengan kondisi geografis kepulauan untuk mendukung keberhasilan program vaksin HPV nasional.
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The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program is part of the government’s efforts to prevent cervical cancer through free immunization for school-aged girls. However, its implementation in the Maluku Archipelago faces significant challenges due to the region’s numerous dispersed small islands, limited transportation access, and uneven infrastructure. These conditions require vaccine distribution to rely on a combination of sea and land transportation, necessitating a distribution model that can adapt to varying routes, transport availability, and appropriate packaging to maintain vaccine quality. This study divides the vaccine distribution process into three stages: stage 1 from the factory to the Provincial Health Office, stage 2 from the Provincial Health Office to the Regency Health Offices, and stage 3 from the Regency Health Offices to the primary health centers. The model was developed using an Integer Linear Programming optimization approach by considering cold storage capacity, the availability of sea transportation modes, and the type of packaging required to maintain temperature stability. The study also introduces a distribution time constraint to ensure that delivery durations do not exceed the thermal endurance of the vaccine packaging. The results show that the model can generate more efficient routing and mode allocation compared to current practices. The existing distribution system incurs a total cost of 5,038 billion rupiah with a unit cost of 52.845 rupiah per dose, whereas the optimized model reduces the total cost to 4,948 billion rupiah with a unit cost of 51.900 rupiah per dose. Therefore, this research model creates 2% reduction in distribution costs from the current distribution. Appropriate packaging selection also ensures the maintenance of vaccine quality during delivery. These findings provide strategic guidance for designing an efficient vaccine distribution system that aligns with the archipelagic geographical characteristics, thereby supporting the success of the national HPV vaccination program

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Cold Chain Management, Distribusi Vaksin, Vaksin HPV Cold Chain Management, Vaccine Distribution, HPV Vaccine
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.74 Linear programming V Naval Science > VK > VK570 Optimum ship routing.
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Sea Transportation Engineering > 21207-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Putu Tinadia Eka Saputra
Date Deposited:	03 Feb 2026 10:33
Last Modified:	03 Feb 2026 10:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131901

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