Analisis Dampak Ekspansi B40 Terhadap Angkutan Laut Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Nasional

Herawati, Rose Maulidya (2026) Analisis Dampak Ekspansi B40 Terhadap Angkutan Laut Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Nasional. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kadar campuran biodiesel dengan program mandatori B40 menyebabkan perubahan yang cukup signifikan pada pola alokasi minyak kelapa sawit mentah (CPO) nasional. Dengan B40, alokasi CPO untuk produksi biodiesel meningkat dari 27% saat implementasi B35 pada tahun 2023 menjadi 30% pada 2025, atau sekitar 14 juta ton. Sementara itu, alokasi CPO untuk ekspor menurun dari 9% menjadi 5% atau sekitar 2 juta ton. Perubahan tersebut menyebabkan bertambahnya beban distribusi domestik dan menurunkan aktivitas kapal nasional yang sebelumnya melayani ekspor. Identifikasi ekspor dilakukan pada empat pelabuhan muat di Indonesia dan ditemukan empat kapal nasional yang ikut andil, sehingga berpotensi dialihkan ke dalam rute domestik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan B40. Hasil optimasi dengan total supply domestik sebesar 14.617.249 ton di 26 titik serta demand sebesar 12.960.275 ton di 25 titik menunjukkan bahwa rute terdiri dari 8 rute port to port dan 7 rute multiport. Seluruh rute tersebut dioperasikan dengan kombinasi 3 tongkang < 5.000 DWT, 9 tongkang > 5.000 DWT, 7 SPOB < 5.000 DWT, 16 tanker domestik > 5.000 DWT, dan 6 tanker eks-ekspor > 5.000 DWT. Model ini menghasilkan estimasi unit cost Rp319.230/ton, sedikit lebih tinggi dari freight aktual sekitar Rp280.000/ton, namun tetap realistis karena mencakup variasi rute dan tipe kapal yang lebih beragam. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengalihan kapal eks-ekspor mampu mendukung distribusi CPO domestik secara lebih adaptif dan efisien dalam mendukung implementasi B40.
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The policy of increasing biodiesel blending levels under the mandatory B40 program has resulted in significant changes to the national crude palm oil (CPO) allocation pattern. With B40, the allocation of CPO for biodiesel production increases from 27% during the implementation of B35 in 2023 to 30% in 2025, or approximately 14 million tons. Meanwhile, the allocation of CPO for exports decreases from 9% to 5%, or approximately 2 million tons. This change increases the burden on domestic distribution and reduces the activity of national vessels previously serving exports. Export identification was conducted at four loading ports in Indonesia and identified four national vessels involved, potentially diverting them to domestic routes to meet B40 demand. The optimization results with a total domestic supply of 14.617.249 tons at 26 points and a demand of 12.960.275 tons at 25 points show that the route consists of 8 port to port routes and 7 multiport routes. All of these routes are operated by a combination of 3 barges < 5.000 DWT, 9 barges > 5.000 DWT, 7 SPOB < 5.000 DWT, 16 domestic tankers > 5.000 DWT, and 6 ex-export tankers > 5.000 DWT. This model produces an estimated unit cost of IDR 319.230/ton, slightly higher than the actual freight of around IDR 280.000/ton, but remains realistic because it covers a wider variety of routes and ship types. These findings indicate that the diversion of ex-export vessels can support domestic CPO distribution more adaptively and efficiently in supporting the implementation of B40.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel B40, Distribusi CPO, Optimasi, VRP, Transportasi Laut = Biodiesel B40, CPO Distribution, Optimization, VRP, Sea Transportation
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.74 Linear programming T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.8 Nonlinear programming. Support vector machine. Wavelets. Hidden Markov models. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. V Naval Science > VK > VK570 Optimum ship routing.
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Sea Transportation Engineering > 21207-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rose Maulidya Herawati
Date Deposited:	03 Feb 2026 10:37
Last Modified:	03 Feb 2026 10:37
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131903

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