Analisis Pengaruh Pembersihan Lambung Kapal Bawah Air Secara Berkala Terhadap Koefisien Drag

Wijaya, Rifqi Al Baihaqi (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Pembersihan Lambung Kapal Bawah Air Secara Berkala Terhadap Koefisien Drag. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Biofouling pada lambung kapal merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang meningkatkan hambatan hidrodinamika, konsumsi bahan bakar, dan emisi gas rumah kaca pada industri pelayaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pertumbuhan biofouling terhadap koefisien hambatan kapal serta menentukan periode pembersihan lambung bawah air (underwater hull cleaning) yang paling efisien dari segi konsumsi bahan bakar. Metode yang digunakan meliputi identifikasi pertumbuhan biofouling melalui eksperimen pelat datar, pemodelan pertumbuhan kekasaran permukaan dengan regresi, serta simulasi numerik menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) pada model tiga dimensi kapal tanker. Simulasi dilakukan dengan variasi kecepatan 10, 12, 14, dan 16 knot, serta periode pertumbuhan biofouling 7, 12, 18, dan 24 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan biofouling menyebabkan peningkatan hambatan kapal sebesar 2-3% setiap bulannya dibandingkan kondisi kapal dengan lambung bersih. Analisis skenario pembersihan lambung area underwater menunjukkan bahwa pembersihan pada bulan ke-18 memberikan konsumsi bahan bakar minimum untuk seluruh variasi kecepatan yang diuji karena adanya pengurangan hambatan kapal. Pada kecepatan 10,12, 14 dan 16 knot, pengurangan konsumsi bahan bakar masing-masing 5,7%, 3,3%, 2,7%, dan 9,3% dibandingkan kapal tanpa pembersihan lambung. Pada kecepatan 10, 12, dan 14 knot kontribusi hambatan gelombang meningkat seiring bertambahnya kecepatan kapal, sehingga pengaruh relatif kekasaran permukaan lambung terhadap hambatan total menjadi lebih kecil dan manfaat pembersihan lambung tampak menurun. Sebaliknya pada kecepatan 16 knot hambatan gesek meningkat secara signifikan dan efek biofouling menjadi lebih dominan. Oleh karena itu, pembersihan lambung menghasilkan penurunan hambatan dan kebutuhan daya propulsi yang signifikan, sehingga konsumsi bahan bakar berkurang secara nyata. Kesimpulannya, periode pembersihan lambung area underwater yang paling efisien adalah dilakukan setiap 18 bulan setelah berlayar.
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Biofouling on ship hulls is one of the main factors that increase hydrodynamic drag, fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions in the shipping industry. This study aims to analyze the effect of biofouling growth on ship drag coefficients and determine the most fuelefficient underwater hull cleaning period. The methods used include the identification of biofouling growth through flat plate experiments, modeling of surface roughness growth using regression, and numerical simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) on a three-dimensional tanker model. Simulations were conducted with variations in speed of 10, 12, 14, and 16 knots, as well as biofouling growth periods of 7, 12, 18, and 24 months. The results show that biofouling growth increases ship resistance by approximately 2–3% per month relative to a clean hull condition. The underwater hull-cleaning scenario analysis indicates that cleaning at the 18th month results in the lowest fuel consumption across all tested speed variations, due to reduced ship resistance. At speeds of 10, 12, 14, and 16 knots, the reductions in fuel consumption are 5.7%, 3.3%, 2.7%, and 9.3%, respectively, compared to he ship without hull cleaning. At ship speeds of 10–14 knots, the contribution of wave resistance increases with speed, reducing the relative influence of hull surface roughness on total resistance and diminishing the apparent benefit of hull cleaning. In contrast, at 16 knots, frictional resistance becomes significantly more dominant, and the effect of biofouling is more pronounced. Consequently, hull cleaning results in a substantial reduction in resistance and propulsion power demand, leading to a significant decrease in fuel consumption. Overall, the optimal interval for underwater hull cleaning is approximately 18 months after the vessel enters service.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biofouling, Underwater Hull Cleaning, Penurunan Hambatan, Efisiensi Energi, Computational Fluid Dynamics Biofouling, Underwater Hull Cleaning, Resistance Reduction, Energy Efficiency Computational Fluid Dynamics
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM751 Resistance and propulsion of ships
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36101-(S2) Master Theses
Depositing User:	Rifqi Al Baihaqi Wijaya
Date Deposited:	04 Feb 2026 06:09
Last Modified:	04 Feb 2026 06:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131945

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