Paper Analytical Device Terimobilisasi Koloid Dispersi Mikrokristal N,N-Dimetil1,4-Fenilendiamin yang Terintegrasi Smartphone untuk Deteksi Glutation yang Murah dan Sederhana

Safitri, Desi (2026) Paper Analytical Device Terimobilisasi Koloid Dispersi Mikrokristal N,N-Dimetil1,4-Fenilendiamin yang Terintegrasi Smartphone untuk Deteksi Glutation yang Murah dan Sederhana. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Glutation (GSH) merupakan biomarker redoks yang berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan stres oksidatif di dalam tubuh, sehingga deteksi dini kadar GSH menjadi sangat penting dalam pemantauan kesehatan. Saat ini, metode deteksi GSH pada umumnya memerlukan instrumen mahal dan prosedur yang kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem sensor kolorimetri berbasis mikrokristal N,N-dimetil-1,4- fenilendiamin (DMPD-MCs) yang diimobilisasi pada microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) sebagai metode deteksi GSH yang sederhana, selektif, dan sensitif. Mikrokristal DMPD disintesis menggunakan metode represipitasi, kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) dan Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Hasil PSA menunjukkan nilai Z-average sebesar 175,9 nm dengan polydispersity index (PDI) 0,5598, yang mengindikasikan terbentuknya partikel berukuran sub-mikron. Sementara itu, citra FE-SEM memperlihatkan morfologi granular dan rod-like dengan rata-rata ukuran partikel 171,27 nm yang mengonfirmasi pembentukan mikrokristal sehingga memperkuat bahwa DMPD berhasil terbentuk dalam bentuk mikrokristal. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi DMPD 20 mM dengan waktu tunggu 3 jam. Optimasi respon terhadap GSH menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada waktu imobilisasi 3 jam dan rasio volume reagen DMPD:GSH sebesar 250:200 µL, serta menghasilkan respon linear pada rentang konsentrasi GSH 2-10 mM dan 50-500 µM dengan nilai koefisien determinasi masing-masing sebesar R² = 0,9964 dan R² = 0,9941. Rentang konsentrasi 50-500 µM dipilih untuk pengujian Nilai limit deteksi (LOD) dan limit kuantifikasi (LOQ) karena memberikan respon linear yang baik dan lebih sesuai dengan kisaran kadar GSH pada sampel nyata. Nilai LOD dan LOQ masing-masing sebesar 85,08 dan 257,82 µM. Uji selektivitas menunjukkan bahwa sensor memberikan respon yang jauh lebih tinggi terhadap GSH dibandingkan senyawa lain, ditunjukkan oleh nilai ∆L* pada GSH yang meningkat hingga sekitar 5, sedangkan senyawa lain hanya menghasilkan perubahan kecil pada kisaran 0,1-0,6. Selain itu, pada pengujian campuran GSH dengan interferen diperoleh nilai ∆L* yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan GSH murni (∆L*= 6). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem DMPD-MCsµPAD berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai metode deteksi dini GSH yang murah dan praktis. ======================================================================================================================================
Glutathione (GSH) is an important redox biomarker that plays a key role in maintaining oxidative stress balance in the body, therefore early detection of GSH levels is essential for health monitoring. However, most current methods for GSH detection require expensive instruments and complex procedures. This study aimed to develop a colorimetric sensor system based on N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine microcrystals (DMPD-MCs) immobilized on a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) as a simple, selective, and sensitive method for GSH detection. DMPD microcrystals were synthesized using the reprecipitation method and characterized by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The PSA results showed a Z-average of 175,9 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0,5598, indicating the formation of sub-micron particles. Meanwhile, FE-SEM images revealed granular and rod-like morphologies with an average particle size of 171,27 nm, confirming the successful formation of DMPD microcrystals. The optimum condition was obtained at a DMPD concentration of 20 mM with a waiting time of 3 h. Optimization of the response toward GSH showed the best performance at an immobilization time of 3 h and a reagent volume ratio of DMPD:GSH of 250:200 µL, producing linear responses within the GSH concentration ranges of 2-10 mM and 50-500 µM with coefficients of determination of R² = 0,9964 and R² = 0,9941, respectively. The 50-500 µM range was selected for the determination of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) because it provided a good linear response and was more relevant to GSH levels in real samples. The obtained LOD and LOQ values were 85,08 µM and 257,82 µM, respectively. Selectivity tests showed that the sensor produced a significantly higher response toward GSH than toward other interfering compounds, as indicated by an increase in ∆L* of approximately 5 for GSH, whereas other compounds resulted in only minor changes in the range of 0,1-0,6. Furthermore, the ∆L* value obtained from testing a mixture of GSH with interfering compounds was not significantly different from that of pure GSH (∆L* = 6). These results indicate that the DMPD-MCs-µPAD system has strong potential to be developed as a low-cost and practical method for early GSH detection.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Glutation, DMPD, Mikrokristal, µPAD, Kolorimetri. Glutathione, DMPD, Microcrystals, µPAD, Colorimetry.
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD905.2 Crystals.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Desi Safitri
Date Deposited:	04 Feb 2026 01:39
Last Modified:	04 Feb 2026 01:39
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131983

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