Karim, Ahmad Ibrahim Malikul (2026) Deteksi Ion Logam Cu²⁺ dan Pb²⁺ Menggunakan Carbon Paper Electrode Termodifikasi Variasi Rasio Komposit Kitosan/Polivinil Alkohol. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Ion logam berat seperti tembaga (Cu²⁺) dan timbal (Pb²⁺) merupakan kontaminan berbahaya yang keberadaannya dalam lingkungan perairan dapat menimbulkan dampak serius terhadap kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode deteksi yang sederhana, sensitif, dan terjangkau. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengembangan sensor elektrokimia untuk deteksi ion Cu²⁺ dan Pb²⁺ menggunakan carbon paper electrode (CPE) yang dimodifikasi dengan variasi rasio komposit kitosan/polivinil alkohon (PVA) 2:1, 1:1, dan 1:2. Material komposit kitosan/PVA disintesis menggunakan metode solvent casting dan diaplikasikan pada permukaan elektroda melalui metode drop-casting. Karakterisasi FTIR mengonfirmasi adanya interaksi ikatan hidrogen antara gugus fungsi utama kitosan, yaitu gugus amina (-NH₂) dan hidroksil (-OH). Kinerja sensor dievaluasi menggunakan teknik voltametri siklik dalam larutan elektrolit KCl 0,1 M. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi CPE dengan komposit kitosan/PVA secara signifikan meningkatkan respon elektrokimia dibandingkan bare CPE. Pada deteksi ion Cu²⁺, respon CV bersifat kuasi-reversibel dengan hasil terbaik diperoleh pada variasi CPE kitosan/PVA 1:2, yang menghasilkan nilai batas deteksi (LoD) sebesar 0,149 mg/L dan sensitivitas 10,851 µA·mg⁻¹·L·cm⁻². Peningkatan kinerja ini dikaitkan dengan bertambahnya luas permukaan aktif elektrokimia dan menurunnya hambatan transfer muatan, sebagaimana dikonfirmasi melalui hasil karakterisasi ECSA dan EIS. Pada deteksi ion Pb²⁺, bare CPE tidak menunjukkan respons elektrokimia, sedangkan CPE termodifikasi kitosan/PVA menampilkan puncak oksidasi tanpa puncak reduksi, yang menunjukkan bahwa proses elektrokimia Pb²⁺ bersifat irreversibel. Nilai LoD dan sensitivitas terbaik untuk Pb²⁺ diperoleh pada variasi CPE kitosan/PVA 2:1, masing-masing sebesar 0,037 mg/L dan 10,034 µA·mg⁻¹·L·cm⁻², yang menunjukkan bahwa deteksi Pb²⁺ lebih dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme kompleksasi permukaan dan jumlah situs pengkhelat kitosan. Metode ini diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif sensor elektrokimia yang sederhana, sensitif, dan berpotensi diaplikasikan lebih lanjut dalam pemantauan logam berat di lingkungan perairan.
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Heavy metal ions such as copper (Cu²⁺) and lead (Pb²⁺) are hazardous contaminants whose presence in aquatic environments can have serious impacts on human health. Therefore, a simple, sensitive, and affordable detection method is needed. In this study, an electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions using a carbon paper electrode (CPE) modified with varying ratios of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The chitosan/PVA composite material was synthesized using the solvent casting method and applied to the electrode surface using the drop-casting method. FTIR characterization confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between the main functional groups of chitosan, namely the amine (-NH₂) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups. The sensor performance was evaluated using the CV technique in a 0.1 M KCl electrolyte solution. The test results showed that the modification of CPE with chitosan/PVA composite significantly improved the electrochemical response compared to bare CPE. In the detection of Cu²⁺ ions, the CV response was quasi-reversible, with the best results obtained at a chitosan/PVA CPE ratio of 1:2, which produced a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.149 mg/L and a sensitivity of 10.851 µA·mg⁻¹·L·cm⁻². This improvement in performance is associated with an increase in the active electrochemical surface area and a decrease in charge transfer resistance, as confirmed by ECSA and EIS characterization results. In the detection of Pb²⁺ ions, bare CPE did not show an electrochemical response, while chitosan/PVA-modified CPE displayed an oxidation peak without a reduction peak, indicating that the Pb²⁺ electrochemical process is irreversible. The best LoD and sensitivity values for Pb²⁺ were obtained with a 2:1 chitosan/PVA CPE variation, at 0.037 mg/L and 10.034 µA·mg⁻¹·L·cm⁻², respectively, indicating that Pb²⁺ detection is more influenced by surface complexation mechanisms and the number of chitosan chelating sites. This method is expected to be a simple, sensitive alternative electrochemical sensor with the potential for further application in monitoring heavy metals in aquatic environments.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Cu2+, Pb2+, Kitosan, Polivinil Alkohol, Sensor Elektrokimia. Cu2+, Pb2+, Chitosan, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Electrochemical Sensor. |
| Subjects: | Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD553 Electrochemistry. Electrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD569 Electrocatalysis. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ahmad Ibrahim Malikul Karim |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Feb 2026 07:52 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Feb 2026 07:52 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/132125 |
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