Batari, Nirmala Puteri (2026) Sintesis 2-Hidroksietil Ester (2-HEE) dan 2-Hidroksipropil Ester (2-HPE) dari Minyak Jarak sebagai Bioaditif untuk Memperbaiki Sifat Aliran Dingin Biodiesel. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pemanfaatan biodiesel terus meningkat seiring dengan berkembangnya energi terbarukan. Namun, biodiesel memiliki sifat aliran dingin yang cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan solar. Hal ini menyebabkan penyumbatan pada mesin diesel. Pada penelitian ini, minyak tanaman jarak yang merupakan minyak nabati non edibel dimodifikasi menjadi 2-hidroksietil ester (2-HEE) dan 2-hidroksipropil ester (2-HPE) untuk memperbaiki sifat aliran dingin biodiesel. Transesterifikasi 2-HEE dan 2-HPE menggunakan Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) dari minyak jarak dengan etilen glikol (2-HEE) dan propilen glikol (2-HPE) dibantu katalis K2CO3 pada suhu 150 °C, pengadukan 500 rpm pada sistem vakum. Rasio mol optimum FAME : poliol adalah 1:10 dengan rendemen 69,63% untuk 2-HEE dan 56,84% untuk 2-HPE. Analisis KG-SM menunjukkan kelimpahan produk sebesar 98,17% untuk 2-HEE (didominasi 2-hidroksietil risinoleat sebesar 77,4%) dan 98,97% untuk 2-HPE (didominasi 2-hidroksipropil risinoleat sebesar 77,9%). Hasil penambahan 2% v/v 2-HEE pada biodiesel menurunkan titik kabut sebesar 2,2 °C, titik tuang sebesar 3 °C, titik nyala sebesar 3 °C, densitas sebesar 0.005 g/cm³, dan viskositas kinematik naik sebesar 0.21 cSt. Hasil penambahan 2% v/v 2-HPE pada biodiesel menurunkan titik kabut sebesar 3,1 °C, titik tuang sebesar 4,3 °C, titik nyala sebesar 8 °C, densitas sebesar 0,001 g/cm³, dan viskositas kinematik naik sebesar 0,01 cSt. Disimpulkan bahwa senyawa 2-HPE lebih unggul sebagai bioaditif dibandingkan 2-HEE terhadap sifat aliran dingin biodiesel tanpa merubah sifat fisik biodiesel secara signifikan.
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The utilization of biodiesel has continued to increase in line with the development of renewable energy. However, biodiesel exhibits poorer cold flow properties compared to conventional diesel fuel. It causes clogging on diesel machine. In this study, castor oil, a non-edible vegetable oil, was modified into 2-hydroxyethyl ester (2-HEE) and 2-hydroxypropyl ester (2-HPE) to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel. The synthesis of 2-HEE and 2-HPE was carried out via transesterification of castor oil fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with ethylene glycol (for 2-HEE) and propylene glycol (for 2-HPE), using K₂CO₃ as a catalyst at 150 °C, 500 rpm stirring speed, under a vacuum system. The optimum molar ratio of FAME to polyol was 1:10, yielding 69,63% for 2-HEE and 56,84% for 2-HPE. GC–MS analysis showed product abundances of 98,17% for 2-HEE (dominated by 2-hydroxyethyl ricinoleate at 77,4%) and 98,97% for 2-HPE (dominated by 2-hydroxypropyl ricinoleate at 77,9%). The addition of 2% v/v 2-HEE to biodiesel reduced the cloud point by 2,2 °C, pour point by 3 °C, flash point by 3 °C, and density by 0,005 g/cm³, while increasing kinematic viscosity by 0.21 cSt. Meanwhile, the addition of 2% v/v 2-HPE decreased the cloud point by 3,1 °C, pour point by 4,3 °C, flash point by 8 °C, and density by 0,001 g/cm³, with a slight increase in kinematic viscosity of 0,01 cSt. Overall, 2-HPE demonstrated superior performance as a bio additive compared to 2-HEE in improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel without significantly altering its physical properties.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | : Minyak Jarak, Biodiesel, 2-Hidroksietil Ester, 2-Hidroksipropil Ester, Sifat Aliran Dingin; Castor Oil, Biodiesel, Bioadditives, 2-Hydroxyethyl Ester, 2-Hydroxypropyl Ester, Cold Flow Properties |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Nirmala Puteri Batari |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Feb 2026 03:00 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Feb 2026 03:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/132165 |
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