Fraksinasi Lignoselulosa Dari Tkks Dengan Metode Steam Explosion Pretreatment Disertai Penambahan Asam Formiat.

Saputra, Bayu Yusuf Eka and Fahmi, Muhammad Fakhrizal (2022) Fraksinasi Lignoselulosa Dari Tkks Dengan Metode Steam Explosion Pretreatment Disertai Penambahan Asam Formiat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit merupakan salah satu limbah dari kelapa sawit yang sering kali kurang begitu dilirik untuk dimanfaatkan, sehingga produk samping ini hanya sering dijadikan limbah industri kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik, produksi kelapa sawit semakin meningkat dengan rata-rata 9,471% setiap tahun, oleh karenanya limbah TKKS yang dihasilkan juga meningkat tiap tahun. Terdapat tiga fraksi penting yang terkandung di dalam TKKS yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin yang masing-masing memiliki nilai ekonomis sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan lebih lanjut. dalam produksi energi terbarukan berupa biohidrogen serta bioetanol. Steam explosion merupakan salah satu metode pretreatment lignoselulosa dengan menggunakan uap bertekanan tinggi. Dalam proses ini, biomassa diperlakukan dengan uap panas (180 hingga 240°C) diikuti dengan peningkatan tekanan secara drastis yang kemudian uap tersebut diledakkan ke atmosfer sehingga tekanan akan kembali secara cepat. Pelepasan tekanan tiba-tiba mengakibatkan defibrilasi selulosa, dan menghasilkan aksesibilitas yang lebih baik dari selulosa untuk hidrolisis enzimatik dan fermentasi. Dengan menggunakan analisa supplydemand dari produk bioethanol yang berasal dari intermediet selulosa, diambil data dari Indonesia Biofuel Annual Report dan didukung oleh data dari BPS, dilakukan analisis perhitungan, dan diambil kesimpulan bahwa pada tahun 2026 kapasitas produksi intermediet TKKS membutuhkan sekitar 47.744.091,67 kg TKKS/tahun. Diharapkan pabrik fraksinasi TKKS ini dapat memenuhi kebutuhan produk intermediet selulosa berupa etanol Indonesia sebesar 27,4%, sehingga direncanakan pabrik ini beroperasi dengan asumsi 330 hari produksidan waktu kerja pabrik 20 jam/hari. Proses fraksinasi lignoselulosa ini terdiri dari 2 dua unit proses yang digolongkan berdasarkan fungsi utama dari keseluruhan proses. Unit pertama ialah pre-treatment dan unit kedua ialah fraksinasi bertujuan untuk memisahkan tiga senyawa lignoselulosa yakni selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin ke dalam 3 aliran yang terpisah sebagai produk dari pabrik ini. Pabrik fraksinasi lignoselulosa dari TKKS ini didirikan di Kawasan Industri Dumai, Riau. Yang menjadi pertimbangan penentuannya adalah ketersediaan bahan baku yang amat melimpah di daerah tersebut, lokasi pemasaran yang dekat dengan pabrik, ketersediaan air melimpah, sumber energi listrik cukup memadai, jumlah tenaga kerja pada usia kerja memenuhi, dan dilandaskan hukum serta topologi daerah yang memadai jika dibangun pabrik di daerah tersebut. Sumber dana investasi berasal dari modal sendiri sebesar 60% biaya investasi dan pinjaman jangka pendek sebesar 40% biaya investasi dengan bunga sebesar 7,95% per tahun. Dari analisa perhitungan ekonomi didapat hasil-hasil yaitu: CAPEX : Rp 663.073.380.339 ; OPEX : Rp 786.013.420.545 ; NPV : Rp 246.214.935.402 ; IRR : 24,33% ; POT : 4,48 tahun ; BEP : 28,86%. Secara keseluruhan, rata-rata %IRR, BEP dan POT masih menunjukkan bahwa pabrik Fraksinasi Lignoselulosa dari TKKS dengan Metode Steam Explosion Pretreatment Disertai Penambahan Asam Formiat ini layak untuk didirikan.
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Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch is one of the wastes from palm oil which is often underutilized, so that this by-product is only often used as waste from the palm oil industry. Based on data from the Badan Pusat Statistik, palm oil production increases by an average of 9.471% every year, therefore the EFB waste produced also increases every year. There are three important fractions contained in OPEFB, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, each of which has economic value so that it can be utilized further. in the production of renewable energy in the form of biohydrogen and bioethanol. Steam explosion is one of the lignocellulosic pretreatment methods using high pressure steam. In this process, the biomass is treated with hot steam (180 to 240°C) followed by a drastic increase in pressure which is then blown up into the atmosphere so that the pressure returns quickly. The sudden release of pressure resulted in defibrillation of cellulose and resulted in better accessibility of cellulose for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. By using supply-demand analysis of bioethanol products derived from cellulose intermediates, data is taken from the Indonesia Biofuel Annual Report and supported by data from BPS, calculation analysis is carried out, and it is concluded that in 2026 the production capacity of EFB intermediates requires around 47,744,091, 67 kg EFB/year. It is expected that the fractionation of this EFB plant can meet the demand for cellulose intermediate products in the form of Indonesian ethanol by 27.4%, so that the plant is planned to operate with the assumption of 330 production days and a factory working time of 20 hours/day. The lignocellulosic fractionation process consists of two process units which are classified based on the main function of the whole process. The first unit is pre-treatment, and the second unit is fractionation which aims to separate three lignocellulosic compounds namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin into 3 separate streams as a product of this factory. A lignocellulosic fractionation plant from EFB was established in the Kawasan Industri Dumai, Riau. The considerations for determining it are the availability of abundant raw materials in the area, marketing locations close to the factory, abundant air availability, adequate energy sources, adequate quantities, number of workers of working age that are met, and achieved laws and topology. adequate area if a factory is built in the area. The source of investment funds comes from own capital with 60% of investment costs and short-term loans of 40% of investment costs with an interest of 7.95% per year. From the analysis of economic calculations, the results obtained are: CAPEX: Rp. 663,073,380,339; OPEX : IDR 786,013,420,545 ; NPV : Rp 246,214,935,402 ; IRR : 24.33% ; POT : 4.48 years old ; BEP : 28.86%. Overall the average %IRR, BEP and POT still indicate that the Lignosellulose Fractionation From OPEFB with Steam Explosion Pretreatment Method and The Addition of Formic Acid is feasible to establish.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSK 662.88 Sap f-1 2022
Uncontrolled Keywords:	TKKS, Fraksinasi, Steam Explosion, Asam Formiat. OPEFB, Fractionation, Steam Explosion, Formic Acid.
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mr. Marsudiyana -
Date Deposited:	08 May 2026 03:16
Last Modified:	08 May 2026 03:16
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/133068

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