Analisis Potensi Model Bisnis Build Operate Transfer (BOT) Dalam Pengelolaan Air Limbah Industri Pada PT XYZ

Hardiansyah, Rofi Arga (2026) Analisis Potensi Model Bisnis Build Operate Transfer (BOT) Dalam Pengelolaan Air Limbah Industri Pada PT XYZ. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya tekanan regulasi lingkungan melalui Permen LHK Nomor 14 Tahun 2024 mendorong industri makanan dan minuman mengadopsi solusi pengelolaan air limbah yang andal dan efisien. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor pendorong-penghambat implementasi model Build Operate Transfer (BOT), merumuskan strategi implementasi yang efektif, dan mengevaluasi kelayakan finansial skema BOT dari perspektif kedua pihak sekaligus menguji sensitivitas manfaat ekonomi terhadap komponen denda regulasi. Studi kasus dilakukan pada PT ABC sebagai penyedia jasa BOT dan PT XYZ sebagai perusahaan makananminuman di Jawa Barat dengan kontrak BOT sepuluh tahun untuk sistem Membrane Bioreactor berkapasitas 600 m³/hari. Pendekatan mixed methods berbasis studi kasus tunggal melibatkan 10 responden purposive dari tiga kelompok pemangku kepentingan, terintegrasi melalui SWOT/IFE/EFE, Risk and Benefit Analysis berbasis FMEA, PPP Framework yang diadaptasi dengan elemen Service Level Agreement (SLA), dan Process Model Canvas. Hasil analisis menempatkan model bisnis pada posisi Grow and Build (IFE 3,29; EFE 3,38) dengan 13 risiko terkelola tanpa show-stopper. Analisis Discounted Cash Flow (WACC 10%; eskalasi OPEX 3,5%) mengkonfirmasi viabilitas simultan: PT ABC memperoleh NPV Rp 2.197,3 juta, IRR 16,98%, dan Payback Period tahun kelima atas CAPEX Rp 7,0 miliar; PT XYZ memperoleh penghematan operasional Rp 347,2 juta/tahun dalam skenario dasar tanpa denda, dengan NPV manfaat mencapai Rp 10.484,3 juta apabila avoidance denda dijadikan upper bound. Pada tarif Rp 12.000/m³, manfaat ekonomi BOT tetap positif tanpa bergantung pada komponen denda, meskipun sensitif terhadap perubahan tarif dan struktur biaya. Untuk memitigasi anomali pasar, penelitian merekomendasikan klausul indeksasi tarif tahunan berbasis CPI, kurs USD/IDR, dan tarif listrik. Model BOT dengan struktur kontrak adaptif menjadi instrumen penciptaan nilai berkelanjutan, dengan catatan temuan bersifat case-specific dan memerlukan validasi lintas-sektor.
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The intensification of environmental regulatory pressure through Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 14 of 2024 has compelled the food and beverage industry to adopt reliable and financially efficient wastewater management solutions. This study analyses the driving and inhibiting factors of Build Operate Transfer (BOT) implementation, formulates effective implementation strategies, and evaluates the financial feasibility of the BOT scheme from both parties' perspectives while testing the sensitivity of economic benefit to regulatory penalty components. The case study was conducted on PT ABC as BOT service provider and PT XYZ as a food and beverage company in West Java, bound under a ten-year BOT contract for a Membrane Bioreactor system with capacity of 600 m³/day. A mixed methods approach based on a single case study with 10 purposive respondents from three stakeholder groups was integrated through SWOT/IFE/EFE, FMEA-based Risk and Benefit Analysis, a PPP Framework adapted with Service Level Agreement (SLA) elements, and the Process Model Canvas. The model is positioned at the Grow and Build quadrant (IFE 3.29; EFE 3.38), with 13 risks managed without show-stoppers. Discounted Cash Flow analysis (WACC 10%; OPEX escalation 3.5%) confirmed simultaneous viability: PT ABC recorded an NPV of IDR 2,197.3 million, an IRR of 16.98%, and a Payback Period in the fifth year on a CAPEX of IDR 7.0 billion; PT XYZ obtained operational savings of IDR 347.2 million per year under the base case without penalties, with benefit NPV reaching IDR 10,484.3 million when penalty avoidance is treated as an upper bound. At a tariff of IDR 12,000/m³, the economic benefit of BOT remains positive without depending on penalty components, though sensitive to tariff and cost changes. To mitigate market anomaly risk, the study recommends an annual tariff indexation clause based on CPI, USD/IDR exchange rate, and electricity tariff. The BOT model with an adaptive contractual structure serves as a sustainable instrument of value creation, with the caveat that findings are case-specific and warrant cross-sector validation..

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Build Operate Transfer, pengelolaan air limbah industri, Membrane Bioreactor, kelayakan finansial, PPP Framework.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T174.5 Technology--Risk assessment. T Technology > T Technology (General) > T56.8 Project Management
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 61101-Master of Technology Management (MMT)
Depositing User:	Rofi Arga Hardiansyah
Date Deposited:	12 Jun 2026 04:46
Last Modified:	12 Jun 2026 04:48
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/133759

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