Optimasi Operasi Dan Biaya Energi PLTS-BESS Dengan eMPC Berbasis Degradasi

Yori, Andromeda (2016) Optimasi Operasi Dan Biaya Energi PLTS-BESS Dengan eMPC Berbasis Degradasi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Transisi energi pada sistem kelistrikan industri memerlukan integrasi energi terbarukan yang fleksibel, andal, dan layak secara ekonomi. PLTS berperan penting dalam meningkatkan bauran energi bersih, tetapi sifatnya yang intermiten menimbulkan ketidaksesuaian antara pembangkitan energi surya dan pola kebutuhan beban. Pada sistem kelistrikan Batam–Bintan yang masih didominasi pembangkit termal, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) diperlukan untuk mendukung energy shifting dan peak shaving, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan biaya investasi, rugi efisiensi, dan degradasi baterai. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pengembangan pendekatan degradation-aware Economic Model Predictive Control (eMPC) yang mengintegrasikan biaya degradasi baterai ke dalam fungsi objektif, sekaligus mengevaluasi produktivitas PLTS dan biaya energi sistem. Penelitian ini menggunakan simulasi kuantitatif dengan membandingkan tiga skenario: pembangkit termal saja, PLTS saja, dan PLTS-BESS dengan eMPC berbasis weighted degradation. Sistem yang dianalisis terdiri atas PLTS 100 MWp dan BESS 50 MW/200 MWh, dengan horizon prediksi 24 jam dan resolusi satu jam. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa energi harian PLTS sebesar 429,00 MWh dapat dimanfaatkan sepenuhnya tanpa curtailment, yaitu 281,63 MWh disalurkan langsung ke beban dan 147,37 MWh disimpan ke BESS. BESS kemudian melepaskan 133,00 MWh, sehingga sekitar 31% energi PLTS berhasil digeser ke periode sore dan malam hari dengan efisiensi 90,25%. Kombinasi PLTS dan BESS juga mengurangi kebutuhan pembangkitan termal sebesar 414,63 MWh per hari. Dari sisi biaya, skenario PLTS saja menghasilkan biaya pembangkitan terendah sebesar Rp1.119,28/kWh, sedangkan skenario PLTS-BESS dengan eMPC mencapai Rp1.164,99/kWh karena tambahan biaya tetap dan degradasi baterai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PLTS only merupakan alternatif paling ekonomis dari sisi biaya energi rata-rata, sedangkan PLTS-BESS dengan eMPC lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai strategi peningkatan fleksibilitas operasi sistem untuk mendukung energy shifting, peak shaving, dan pengurangan pembangkit termal pada periode bernilai ekonomi tinggi.
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The energy transition in industrial power systems requires the integration of renewable energy that is flexible, reliable, and economically feasible. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems play an important role in increasing the share of clean energy; however, their intermittent characteristics create a mismatch between solar energy generation and load demand patterns. In the Batam–Bintan power system, which is still dominated by thermal power generation, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is required to support energy shifting and peak shaving. Nevertheless, its operation must consider investment costs, efficiency losses, and battery degradation. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a degradation-aware Economic Model Predictive Control (eMPC) approach that integrates battery degradation costs into the objective function, while also evaluating PV productivity and the system’s energy cost. This study employs a quantitative simulation-based approach, comparing three scenarios: a thermal-only baseline, PV-only, and PV-BESS with weighted degradation-based eMPC. The analyzed system consists of a 100 MWp PV system and a 50 MW/200 MWh BESS, with a 24-hour prediction horizon and a one-hour time resolution. The simulation results show that the total daily PV energy generation of 429.00 MWh can be fully utilized without curtailment, consisting of 281.63 MWh supplied directly to the load and 147.37 MWh charged into the BESS. The BESS subsequently discharges 133.00 MWh, indicating that approximately 31% of PV energy is successfully shifted to the afternoon and evening periods with an efficiency of 90.25%. Operationally, the combination of PV and BESS reduces thermal generation requirements by 414.63 MWh per day. From a cost perspective, the PV-only scenario produces the lowest total generation cost at Rp1,119.28/kWh, whereas the PV-BESS scenario with eMPC results in a total generation cost of Rp1,164.99/kWh due to additional fixed costs and battery degradation costs. The findings indicate that the PV-only scenario provides the most economical option in terms of average energy cost, while the PV-BESS system with eMPC is better positioned as a flexibility-enhancement strategy to support energy shifting, peak shaving, and the reduction of thermal generation during high-value operating periods.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Battery Energy Storage System (BESS); degradation-aware; economic Model Predictive Control (eMPC); energy shifting; Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS). Battery degradation, battery energy storage system, economic model predictive control, energy cost, energy shifting.
Subjects:	Q Science T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Andromeda Yori
Date Deposited:	29 Jun 2026 01:27
Last Modified:	29 Jun 2026 01:27
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134105

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