Optimasi Rancang Jaringan Distribusi Perdagangan Komoditas Beras Menggunakan Metode Simpleks

Rif'atila, Talitha Fitri (2026) Optimasi Rancang Jaringan Distribusi Perdagangan Komoditas Beras Menggunakan Metode Simpleks. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Distribusi beras merupakan komponen strategis dalam ketahanan pangan nasional, namun inefisiensi logistik menyebabkan pasokan tidak merata dan biaya distribusi tinggi. Ketidakseimbangan antara provinsi surplus dan defisit menunjukkan perlunya perancangan jaringan distribusi yang lebih optimal untuk menekan biaya logistik. Permasalahan ini dimodelkan sebagai masalah transportasi, yaitu alokasi aliran komoditas dari beberapa titik sumber ke titik tujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dengan biaya minimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang jaringan distribusi beras antarprovinsi dengan meminimalkan total biaya transportasi melalui model program linear menggunakan metode simpleks. Data sekunder tahun 2024 yang digunakan mencakup produksi dan konsumsi beras, Margin Perdagangan dan Pengangkutan (MPP), harga beras tingkat konsumen, serta jarak antarprovinsi. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasikan provinsi surplus dan defisit, menentukan kebutuhan dummy, menyusun model linear programming (fungsi tujuan, kendala supply-demand, dan variabel keputusan), membentuk tabel simpleks, serta melakukan iterasi metode Simpleks hingga tercapai solusi optimal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa meskipun 22 dari 34 provinsi defisit, secara nasional Indonesia masih surplus sehingga membutuhkan distribusi yang lebih efisien. Biaya distribusi aktual mencapai Rp394.715.410,21/kg, sedangkan optimasi Simpleks menurunkannya hingga 73,85% menjadi Rp103.215.655,72/kg dengan total biaya jika diakumulasikan dengan volume beras yang dikirimkan sebesar Rp9.598.684.191,94/kg. Perbandingan ini menunjukkan bahwa pola aktual belum efisien, sementara metode Simpleks menghasilkan distribusi yang lebih merata, optimal, dan hemat biaya.
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Rice distribution constitutes a strategic element of national food security, yet logistical inefficiencies continue to generate uneven supply flows and elevated distribution costs. The persistent imbalance between surplus and defisit provinces underscores the necessity for a more optimal distribution network to reduce logistical burdens. This issue is formulated as a transportation problem, which involves allocating commodity flows from multiple supply points to demand points in order to satisfy regional needs at minimum cost. The objective of this study is to design an interprovincial rice distribution network by minimizing total transportation costs through a linear programming model solved using the simplex method. The 2024 secondary data utilized include rice production and consumption, Trade and Transportation Margins (MPP), consumer-level rice prices, and interprovincial distances. The analytical procedure encompasses classifying provinces into surplus and defisit categories, determining the requirement for dummy nodes, constructing the linear programming model (objective function, supply-demand constraints, and decision variables), formulating the simplex tableau, and executing simplex iterations until the optimal solution is reached. The results indicate that although 22 out of 34 provinces experienced rice defisits, Indonesia remained in surplus, thereby necessitating a more efficient distribution mechanism. The actual distribution cost amounted to Rp394.715.410,21/kg, whereas optimization via the simplex method reduced the cost by 73,85% to Rp103.215.655,72/kg, with a total cost of Rp9.598.684.191,94/kg when adjusted for transported volume. These findings demonstrate that the prevailing distribution pattern is inefficient, whereas the simplex method yields a more balanced, cost-effective, and operationally optimal distribution structure.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Distribusi Beras, Biaya Distribusi, Optimasi Logistik, Simpleks LP, Distribution Cost, Rice Distribution, Logistics Optimization, Simplex LP
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE147.6 Transportation--Planning T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.6 Operations research--Mathematics. Goal programming T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.74 Linear programming
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 49501-Business Statistics
Depositing User:	Talitha Fitri Rif'atila
Date Deposited:	29 Jun 2026 05:18
Last Modified:	29 Jun 2026 05:18
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134144

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