Analisis Pengaruh Energizer Ganda Menggunakan Calsium Carbonate dan Natrium Carbonate pada Proses Pack Carburizing untuk Peningkatan Karakteristik Permukaan Baja AISI 1040

Octarizal, Dwino (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Energizer Ganda Menggunakan Calsium Carbonate dan Natrium Carbonate pada Proses Pack Carburizing untuk Peningkatan Karakteristik Permukaan Baja AISI 1040. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Poros transmisi merupakan komponen mekanis yang berfungsi meneruskan torsi dan putaran dari sumber daya menuju elemen mesin lain. Dalam pengoperasiannya, poros transmisi menerima beban puntir, lentur, kontak gesek, serta pembebanan berulang yang dapat menyebabkan keausan yang umumnya bermula dari lapisan permukaan material. Baja AISI 1040 sebagai baja karbon menengah memiliki kekuatan dan keuletan yang cukup baik, namun karakteristik permukaannya masih perlu ditingkatkan untuk aplikasi yang mengalami kontak gesek dan pembebanan berulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi komposisi energizer ganda CaCO₃ dan Na₂CO₃ pada proses pack carburizing terhadap kekerasan dan struktur mikro baja AISI 1040. Proses pack carburizing dilakukan pada temperatur 900°C selama 120 menit menggunakan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai sumber karbon dengan total energizer sebesar 20%. Variasi komposisi energizer yang digunakan adalah A1 20% CaCO₃ : 0% Na₂CO₃, B1 15% CaCO₃ : 5% Na₂CO₃, C1 10% CaCO₃ : 10% Na₂CO₃, D1 5% CaCO₃ : 15% Na₂CO₃, dan E1 0% CaCO₃ : 20% Na₂CO₃. Setelah proses pack carburizing, spesimen dilakukan quenching menggunakan media air dan tempering pada temperatur 200°C selama 60 menit. Pengujian dilakukan melalui uji kekerasan Rockwell C, pengamatan struktur mikro menggunakan mikroskop optik, serta analisis citra menggunakan ImageJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh spesimen mengalami peningkatan kekerasan dibandingkan raw material sebesar 16,3 HRC. Nilai kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh pada spesimen C1 sebesar 60,8 HRC, sedangkan nilai terendah setelah perlakuan diperoleh pada spesimen E1 sebesar 31,2 HRC. Hasil analisis struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa spesimen C1 memiliki persentase martensite tertinggi sebesar 60,546%, sedangkan spesimen E1 memiliki persentase retained austenite tertinggi sebesar 55,764%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, spesimen C1 dengan komposisi energizer seimbang merupakan variasi paling optimal dalam meningkatkan karakteristik permukaan baja AISI 1040. Sementara itu, spesimen B1 dengan komposisi 15% CaCO₃ dan 5% Na₂CO₃ juga menunjukkan potensi penggunaan pada poros transmisi dengan beban kerja ringan karena memiliki peningkatan kekerasan yang signifikan.
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A transmission shaft is a mechanical component that functions to transmit torque and rotational motion from a power source to other machine elements. During operation, a transmission shaft is subjected to torsional loads, bending loads, frictional contact, and repeated loading, which may lead to wear that commonly initiates from the material surface. AISI 1040 steel, as a medium-carbon steel, possesses adequate strength and ductility; however, its surface characteristics still require improvement for applications involving frictional contact and repeated loading. This study aims to analyze the effect of dual energizer composition using CaCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ in the pack carburizing process on the hardness and microstructure of AISI 1040 steel. The pack carburizing process was carried out at 900°C for 120 minutes using coconut shell charcoal as the carbon source, with a total energizer content of 20%. The energizer composition variations were A1 with 20% CaCO₃ : 0% Na₂CO₃, B1 with 15% CaCO₃ : 5% Na₂CO₃, C1 with 10% CaCO₃ : 10% Na₂CO₃, D1 with 5% CaCO₃ : 15% Na₂CO₃, and E1 with 0% CaCO₃ : 20% Na₂CO₃. After pack carburizing, the specimens were quenched in water and tempered at 200°C for 60 minutes. The specimens were evaluated using Rockwell C hardness testing, optical microscopy, and ImageJ image analysis. The results showed that all treated specimens experienced an increase in hardness compared to the raw material, which had a hardness of 16.3 HRC. The highest hardness was obtained by specimen C1 at 60.8 HRC, while the lowest hardness after treatment was obtained by specimen E1 at 31.2 HRC. Microstructural analysis showed that specimen C1 had the highest martensite percentage of 60.546%, while specimen E1 had the highest retained austenite percentage of 55.764%. Based on these results, specimen C1 with a balanced energizer composition was identified as the most optimal variation for improving the surface characteristics of AISI 1040 steel. Meanwhile, specimen B1, with a composition of 15% CaCO₃ and 5% Na₂CO₃, also showed potential for use in transmission shafts with light working loads due to its significant increase in hardness.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Poros Transmisi, Pack Carburizing, Energizer Ganda, CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, AISI 1040, Kekerasan Permukaan, Struktur Mikro. ======================================================================================================================== Transmition Shaft, Pack Carburizing, CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, AISI 1040, Hardness, Microstructure.
Subjects:	T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS205 Metals--Heat treatment.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Dwino Octarizal
Date Deposited:	06 Jul 2026 09:02
Last Modified:	06 Jul 2026 09:02
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134364

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