Analisis Dinamika Efektivitas Pengelolaan Capex dan Opex Terhadap Keandalan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (Studi Kasus: PLTU Bolok dan PLTU Ropa – PLN UIW NTT)

Fachrudin, Mohammad Anang (2026) Analisis Dinamika Efektivitas Pengelolaan Capex dan Opex Terhadap Keandalan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (Studi Kasus: PLTU Bolok dan PLTU Ropa – PLN UIW NTT). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 6010241072-Master_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (25MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Efektivitas pengelolaan pemeliharaan berperan penting dalam menjaga keandalan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU), terutama pada sistem kelistrikan kepulauan yang memiliki cadangan daya terbatas dan sensitif terhadap gangguan unit pembangkit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan dinamis antara Capital Expenditure (Capex), Operational Expenditure (Opex), dan keandalan PLTU Bolok serta PLTU Ropa periode 2019–2024. Permasalahan penelitian muncul karena perubahan alokasi Capex dan Opex belum selalu diikuti peningkatan Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF) dan penurunan Equivalent Forced Outage Rate (EFOR), sehingga menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan anggaran tidak secara otomatis meningkatkan keandalan. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan Root Cause Analysis (RCA) dan System Dynamics. RCA digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi akar penyebab rendahnya efektivitas pengelolaan Capex dan Opex melalui fishbone diagram, Pareto analysis, dan 5W1H, sedangkan System Dynamics digunakan untuk memodelkan hubungan sebab-akibat, mekanisme umpan balik, akumulasi, penundaan, dan perilaku sistem melalui Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) dan Stock Flow Diagram (SFD) yang diimplementasikan menggunakan AnyLogic 8 PLE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh Capex dan Opex terhadap keandalan bersifat tidak langsung dan nonlinier melalui variabel asset condition, maintenance backlog, risk accumulation, failure risk, dan forced outage hours. Simulasi menunjukkan bahwa skenario kombinasi Capex–Opex memberikan hasil paling efektif, dengan peningkatan EAF_simulation dari 84,13% menjadi 84,59%, penurunan EFOR_simulation dari 3,72% menjadi 3,26%, serta peningkatan reliability index dari 88,09 menjadi 88,94. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan keandalan PLTU lebih efektif dilakukan melalui kebijakan terpadu yang memperbaiki kondisi aset sekaligus menurunkan backlog, risiko, dan jam gangguan paksa.
========================================================================================================================================
The effectiveness of maintenance management plays an important role in maintaining the reliability of steam power plants, particularly in islanded power systems with limited reserve margins and high sensitivity to generating unit disturbances. This study aims to analyze the dynamic relationship between Capital Expenditure (Capex), Operational Expenditure (Opex), and the reliability of PLTU Bolok and PLTU Ropa during the 2019–2024 period. The research problem arises from the fact that changes in Capex and Opex allocation have not always been followed by an increase in Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF) or a decrease in Equivalent Forced Outage Rate (EFOR), indicating that budget increases do not automatically improve reliability. This study integrates Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and System Dynamics. RCA is used to identify the root causes of the low effectiveness of Capex and Opex management through fishbone diagrams, Pareto analysis, and 5W1H, while System Dynamics is used to model causal relationships, feedback mechanisms, accumulation, delays, and system behavior through a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) and a Stock Flow Diagram (SFD), implemented using AnyLogic 8 PLE. The results show that the effects of Capex and Opex on power plant reliability are indirect and nonlinear through intermediary variables, including asset condition, maintenance backlog, risk accumulation, failure risk, and forced outage hours. The simulation results indicate that the combined Capex–Opex scenario provides the most effective outcome, increasing EAF_simulation from 84.13% to 84.59%, decreasing EFOR_simulation from 3.72% to 3.26%, and improving the reliability index from 88.09 to 88.94. These results indicate that improving PLTU reliability is more effective through an integrated policy that improves asset condition while reducing backlog, risk, and forced outage hours.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Capex–Opex, Keandalan Pembangkit Listrik, System Dynamics, Root Cause Analysis, Manajemen Pemeliharaan. Capex–Opex, Power Plant Reliability, System Dynamics, Root Cause Analysis, Maintenance Management.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.83 Dynamic programming
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Mohammad Anang Fachrudin
Date Deposited:	07 Jul 2026 02:27
Last Modified:	07 Jul 2026 02:27
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134371

Actions (login required)

View Item