Implementasi Pendekatan Capability Approach (CA) Terhadap Kelompok Transpuan Dalam Mewujudkan Pembangunan Inklusif (Studi Kasus: PERWAKOS Surabaya)

Faradillah, Ellisa Nafa (2026) Implementasi Pendekatan Capability Approach (CA) Terhadap Kelompok Transpuan Dalam Mewujudkan Pembangunan Inklusif (Studi Kasus: PERWAKOS Surabaya). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Transpuan di Surabaya masih menghadapi hambatan dalam kehidupan sosial, terutama terkait penerimaan masyarakat, akses terhadap pekerjaan yang layak, layanan kesehatan, dan dokumen kependudukan. PERWAKOS hadir sejak tahun 1979 sebagai komunitas yang memberi ruang dukungan bagi transpuan di kota Surabaya. Namun, penelitian yang secara khusus membahas bagaimana PERWAKOS berperan dalam membantu kelompok transpuan di kota Surabaya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran PERWAKOS dalam pemberdayaan komunitas transpuan melalui pendekatan Capability Approach dan mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat terwujudnya pembangunan inklusif di Surabaya bagi komunitas transpuan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam dengan sepuluh informan yang terdiri dari dua orang pengelola dan enam anggota PERWAKOS, serta dua orang staff PKBI Jawa Timur. Seluruh data kemudian dianalisis melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga temuan utama yakni pertama, PERWAKOS berperan dalam peningkatan kapasitas anggota, pembentukan modal sosial, dan penguatan komunitas, meskipun intensitas program belum berjalan serutin sebelum pandami Covid-19. Kedua, penerapan Capability Approach terlihat pada seluruh sepuluh indikator kapabilitas, tetapi belum merata. Aspek yang paling terlihat adalah pada indikator kesehatan jasmani dan kapabilitas hidup, sedangkan kendali atas lingkungan, bermain, dan hubungan dengan alam masih lemah. Ketiga, pembangunan inklusif bagi transpuan di Surabaya baru tercapai sebagian, karena akses layanan masih bergantung pada keberlanjutan program dan pendanaan, sementara stigma sosial masih menghambat pengakuan yang merata. Pembangunan inklusif yang lebih utuh membutuhkan dukungan keberlanjutan dari pemerintah, lembaga layanan, dan masyarakat, tidak dapat diwujudkan hanya melalui kerja komunitas secara mandiri.
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Trans women in Surabaya still face barriers in their social lives, particularly regarding social acceptance, access to decent work, health care, and civil registration documents. PERWAKOS has been active since 1979 as a community that provides a supportive space for trans women in the city of Surabaya. However, research specifically examining how PERWAKOS plays a role in supporting the transgender community in Surabaya remains limited. This study aims to analyze PERWAKOS’s role in empowering the transgender community through the Capability Approach and to identify the factors that support and hinder the realization of inclusive development in Surabaya for the transgender community. The methodology used is qualitative, employing a case study approach. Data were collected through a literature review and in-depth interviews with ten informants, consisting of two PERWAKOS administrators, six PERWAKOS members, and two staff members from PKBI East Java. All data was then analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The research results revealed three main findings: first, PERWAKOS plays a role in enhancing members’ capacity, building social capital, and strengthening the community, although the program’s frequency has not yet returned to the level seen before the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, the application of the Capability Approach is evident across all ten capability indicators, but it is not yet evenly distributed. The most prominent aspects are seen in the indicators of physical health and life capabilities, while control over the environment, play, and relationships with nature remain weak. Third, inclusive development for transgender women in Surabaya has only been partially achieved, as access to services still depends on the sustainability of programs and funding, while social stigma continues to hinder equal recognition. More comprehensive inclusive development requires sustained support from the government, service agencies, and the community; it cannot be achieved solely through independent community efforts.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Capability Approach, Pembangunan Inklusif, Transpuan, PERWAKOS, Pemberdayaan Komunitas, Capability Approach, Inclusive Development, Transgender Women, PERWAKOS, Community Empowerment
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) H Social Sciences > HC Economic History and Conditions > HC79.E5 Sustainable development. (circular economy)
Divisions:	Faculty of Creative Design and Digital Business (CREABIZ) > Developmental Studies > 60201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ellisa Nafa Faradillah
Date Deposited:	07 Jul 2026 05:51
Last Modified:	07 Jul 2026 05:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134403

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