Pawitra, Yuga Prayna (2025) Integrasi Life Cycle Assessment Dan Analisis Kebijakan Untuk Peningkatan Pengelolaan Abu Batubara Yang Berkelanjutan: Studi Kasus Di Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pengelolaan Fly Ash dan Bottom Ash (FABA) di Sumatera Selatan menghadapi tantangan signifikan dengan produksi tahunan mencapai 1,2–1,8 juta ton dan dominasi praktik penimbunan yang berdampak lingkungan tinggi. Perubahan status regulasi FABA dari limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun menjadi limbah non-bahan berbahaya dan beracun melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 membuka peluang pemanfaatan, namun kebijakan daerah yang mengintegrasikan preferensi lima kelompok pemangkukepentingan belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengintegrasikan Life Cycle Assessment dan Analytical Hierarchy Process untuk mengevaluasi tiga skenario pengelolaan FABA (landfill, paving block, dan kompos) serta merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan berkelanjutan. Analisis Life Cycle Assessment mengadopsi data sekunder yang dihitung menggunakan metode ReCiPe pada perangkat lunak SimaPro, sedangkan Analytical Hierarchy Process melibatkan 33 responden dari lima kelompok pemangku kepentingan dan diolah menggunakan Expert Choice. Hasil Life Cycle Assessment menunjukkan skenario kompos memiliki dampak lingkungan terendah dengan skor total 5,62, diikuti paving block dengan skor sekitar 18,00, dan landfill tertinggi dengan skor 40,29. Hasil Analytical Hierarchy Process menempatkan aspek Lingkungan dengan bobot 32,0% dan Sosial 24,5% sebagai prioritas tertinggi, dengan skenario kompos unggul secara global dengan bobot 46,5%. Konvergensi penuh antara bukti ilmiah Life Cycle Assessment dan preferensi pemangku kepentingan mengukuhkan kompos sebagai skenario pengelolaan terbaik. Rekomendasi kebijakan disusun dalam tiga horizon waktu yang dilengkapi matriks peran 13 pemangku kepentingan, mencakup penyusunan Peraturan Gubernur, fasilitasi proyek percontohan kompos, transisi industri dari praktik landfill, riset lanjutan, pengawasan oleh lembaga swadaya masyarakat, serta partisipasi aktif masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan FABA.
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Fly Ash and Bottom Ash management in South Sumatra faces significant challenges with annual production reaching 1.2–1.8 million tons and the dominance of landfilling practices that cause high environmental impacts. The regulatory status change of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash from hazardous waste to registered non-hazardous waste through Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 opens up utilization opportunities, yet regional policies integrating the preferences of five stakeholder groups are not yet available. This study aims to integrate Life Cycle Assessment and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to evaluate three Fly Ash and Bottom Ash management scenarios (landfill, paving block, and compost) and formulate sustainable policy recommendations. The Life Cycle Assessment analysis adopted secondary data calculated using the ReCiPe method on SimaPro software, while the Analytical Hierarchy Process involved 33 respondents from five stakeholder groups and was processed using Expert Choice. The Life Cycle Assessment results show that the compost scenario has the lowest environmental impact with a total score of 5.62, followed by paving block with a score of approximately 18.00, and landfill the highest with a score of 40.29. The Analytical Hierarchy Process results place the Environment aspect with a weight of 32.0% and Social aspect 24.5% as the highest priorities, with the compost scenario being globally superior with a weight of 46.5%. The full convergence between Life Cycle Assessment scientific evidence and stakeholder preferences confirms compost as the best management scenario. Policy recommendations are structured across three time horizons accompanied by a role matrix for 13 stakeholders, including the formulation of a Gubernatorial Regulation, facilitation of compost pilot projects, industrial transition from landfill practices, further research, oversight by non-governmental organizations, and active community participation in Fly Ash and Bottom Ash utilization.
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