Analisis Risiko Bahaya Pekerjaan Ruang Terbatas (Confined Space) Industri Petrokimia Menggunakan Metode House of Risk for Safety, Health, Etc. (HORshe)

Ariwako, Meyrano (2026) Analisis Risiko Bahaya Pekerjaan Ruang Terbatas (Confined Space) Industri Petrokimia Menggunakan Metode House of Risk for Safety, Health, Etc. (HORshe). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.

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Abstract

Pekerjaan ruang terbatas (confined space) pada pabrik amonia memiliki tingkat risiko tinggi karena melibatkan atmosfer berbahaya, keterbatasan akses, kondisi peralatan proses, serta faktor kompetensi pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan memprioritaskan pengendalian risiko pekerjaan confined space pada industri petrokimia menggunakan metode House of Risk for Safety, Health, Etc. (HORshe) yang mengintegrasikan model SHELL dan Hierarchy of Control. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif-analitis dengan studi kasus pada pabrik amonia. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, focus group discussion dengan 9 praktisi dari 4 pabrik amonia berbeda yang berlisensi ahli K3 umum dan teknisi K3 ruang terbatas, dan dokumen K3 perusahaan. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan terdapat 14 risk event dan 13 risk agent, dengan dominasi interaksi liveware–environment sebesar 50%, liveware–hardware sebesar 42,8%, dan liveware–liveware sebesar 7,1%. Pada HORshe Tahap 1, risk agent prioritas tertinggi adalah lingkungan kerja yang mengandung gas inert seperti nitrogen dan karbon dioksida (A5) dengan ARP 4.250, diikuti kurangnya pengetahuan pekerja tentang bahaya confined space (A1) dengan ARP 4.104, lingkungan kerja dengan gas flammable (A4) dengan ARP 3.600, keberadaan katalis atau bahan isian confined space (A8) dengan ARP 3.030, dan lingkungan kerja dengan gas beracun (A3) dengan ARP 2.775. Berdasarkan nilai Effectiveness to Difficulty Ratio (ETDk), pengendalian prioritas meliputi peningkatan kompetensi pekerja melalui sertifikasi K3 ruang terbatas, isolasi sistem dengan blind/LOTO, awareness training, ventilasi dan gas test, serta sistem monitoring dan rescue. Evaluasi HORshe Tahap 3 menunjukkan bahwa penerapan 13 preventive action mampu menurunkan risiko secara signifikan, dengan rata-rata penurunan ARP sebesar 94,75%. Penurunan terbesar terjadi pada A7 sebesar 98,80%, A4 sebesar 97,08%, A2 sebesar 96,59%, dan A5 sebesar 96,24%. Risiko residual dominan tersisa pada A1 dengan NARP 414 dan A3 dengan NARP 172. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa HORshe efektif digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi, memprioritaskan, dan mengevaluasi pengendalian risiko confined space secara sistematis dan kuantitatif.
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Confined space work in ammonia plants has a high level of risk because it involves hazardous atmospheres, limited access, process equipment conditions, and worker competency factors. This study aims to analyze and prioritize risk control measures for confined space work in the petrochemical industry using the House of Risk for Safety, Health, Etc. (HORshe) method, which integrates the SHELL model and the Hierarchy of Control. This study employed a quantitative descriptive-analytical approach with a case study design in an ammonia plant. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, focus group discussions with 9 practitioners from 4 different ammonia plants who were certified as general occupational safety and health experts and confined space safety technicians, as well as company occupational safety and health documents. The identification results showed 14 risk events and 13 risk agents, dominated by liveware–environment interactions at 50%, liveware–hardware interactions at 42.8%, and liveware–liveware interactions at 7.1%. In HORshe Stage 1, the highest-priority risk agent was a working environment containing inert gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide (A5), with an ARP value of 4,250, followed by workers’ lack of knowledge regarding confined space hazards (A1), with an ARP value of 4,104; a working environment containing flammable gases (A4), with an ARP value of 3,600; the presence of catalysts or filling materials inside the confined space (A8), with an ARP value of 3,030; and a working environment containing toxic gases (A3), with an ARP value of 2,775. Based on the Effectiveness to Difficulty Ratio (ETDk), the prioritized control measures included improving worker competency through confined space occupational safety and health certification, system isolation using blinds and lockout/tagout, awareness training, ventilation and gas testing, and the implementation of monitoring and rescue systems. The HORshe Stage 3 evaluation showed that the implementation of 13 preventive actions significantly reduced the risk level, with an average ARP reduction of 94.75%. The largest reductions occurred in A7 at 98.80%, A4 at 97.08%, A2 at 96.59%, and A5 at 96.24%. The dominant residual risks remained A1, with an NARP value of 414, and A3, with an NARP value of 172. The findings indicate that HORshe is effective for systematically and quantitatively identifying, prioritizing, and evaluating confined space risk controls.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Analisa Risiko, confined space, Metode HORshe, Industri Petrokimia, Risk Analysis, confined space, HORshe Method, Petrochemical Industry
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD61 Risk Management T Technology > T Technology (General) > T174.5 Technology--Risk assessment. T Technology > T Technology (General) > T55 Industrial Safety
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 78201-System And Technology Innovation
Depositing User:	Meyrano Ariwako
Date Deposited:	10 Jul 2026 01:23
Last Modified:	10 Jul 2026 01:23
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134617

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