Bestari, Marelda Adistya (2026) Pengaruh Atmosfer Kalsinasi Terhadap Struktur dan Karakteristik Elektrokimia Regenerasi Katoda LiNi1/3Co1/3Al1/3O2(NCA) Berbasis Deep Eutectic Solvent. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Meningkatnya penggunaan baterai lithium-ion pada perangkat elektronik dan kendaraan listrik menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah limbah baterai yang memerlukan metode pengolahan yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Baterai NCA merupakan satu diantaranya, karena memiliki kapasitas spesifik dan stabilitas yang tinggi. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat digunakan adalah regenerasi material katoda menggunakan metode Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi atmosfer kalsinasi terhadap pemulihan struktur kristal dan performa elektrokimia katoda NCA hasil regenerasi menggunakan metode DES. Variasi atmosfer yang digunakan meliputi udara, oksigen (O₂), dan argon (Ar). Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), dan pengujian Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa atmosfer kalsinasi memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap karakteristik material hasil regenerasi. Setelah proses regenerasi, sampel yang dikalsinasi menggunakan O₂ (RNCA O₂) menunjukkan struktur kristal terbaik yang ditandai oleh rasio I(003)/I(104) sebesar 0,96 dan rasio c/a sebesar 4,917 yang mengindikasikan keteraturan struktur berlapis yang lebih baik. Sampel ini juga memiliki ukuran kristal 21,19 nm dan derajat kristalinitas sebesar 87,42%. Selain itu, morfologi partikel yang lebih homogen dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 0,66 μm juga mempengaruhi performa elektrokimia terbaik, dengan nilai R_ctsebesar 250,31 Ω dan kapasitas pengosongan sebesar 79,25 mAh g⁻¹ serta efisiensi Coulomb mencapai 95,58%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, atmosfer O₂ merupakan kondisi kalsinasi paling optimal dalam proses mendukung regenerasi katoda NCA menggunakan metode DES.
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The increasing use of lithium-ion batteries in electronic devices and electric vehicles has led to a significant rise in battery waste, creating the need for effective and environmentally friendly recycling methods. Nickel–cobalt–aluminum oxide (NCA) batteries are widely used due to their high specific capacity and good stability. This study investigates the effect of calcination atmosphere on the crystal structure recovery and electrochemical performance of NCA cathode materials regenerated using the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) method. Three calcination atmospheres were employed: air, oxygen (O₂), and argon (Ar). The regenerated materials were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) testing. The results show that the calcination atmosphere significantly affects the properties of the regenerated NCA materials. After the regeneration process, the sample calcined under an O₂ atmosphere (RNCA O₂) exhibited the best crystal structure, as evidenced by its higher I_((003) )/I_((104) ) ratio 0,96 and c/a ratio 4,917, indicating a more ordered layered structure. The sample also showed a crystallite size of 21,19 nm and a crystallinity degree of 87,42%. In addition, it possessed a more homogeneous particle morphology with an average particle size of 0,66 μm and delivered the best electrochemical performance, with an R_ct value of 250,31 Ω, a discharge capacity of 79,25 mAh g⁻¹, and a Coulombic efficiency of 95,58%. Based on these findings, an O₂ atmosphere was determined to be the optimal calcination condition for regenerating NCA cathode materials using the DES method.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Atmosfer Kalsinasi, Baterai Lithium-Ion, Deep Eutectic Solvent, NCA, Regenerasi Katoda, Calcination Atmosphere, Cathode regeneration, Deep eutectic solvent, Lithium-ion battery, NCA. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics > QC100 Crystals. Q Science > QC Physics > QC451 Spectroscopy Q Science > QC Physics > QC701 Electric discharges--Measurement. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Physics > 45201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Marelda Adistya Bestari |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Jul 2026 06:26 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Jul 2026 06:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134874 |
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