Pemodelan Rip Current dan Gelombang Pemicunya di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Kabupaten Gunungkidul Yogyakarta

Suhardini, Vera Mei (2026) Pemodelan Rip Current dan Gelombang Pemicunya di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Kabupaten Gunungkidul Yogyakarta. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kawasan pantai selatan Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta merupakan destinasi wisata dengan tingkat kunjungan tinggi namun memiliki potensi bahaya signifikan akibat fenomena rip current, contohnya insiden yang terjadi di Pantai Drini pada Januari 2025. Rip current merupakan arus balik yang mengalir menjauhi pantai menuju laut lepas akibat interaksi kompleks antara gelombang, arus, pasang surut, dan morfologi pantai. Fenomena ini sulit diprediksi secara langsung, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan ilmiah berbasis pemodelan untuk memahami pola dan karakteristiknya. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi zona potensi rip current di kawasan pesisir Gunungkidul pada dua kondisi musiman menggunakan pemodelan hidrodinamika dua dimensi dengan perangkat lunak Delft3D modul FLOW dan WAVE yang disimulasikan pada musim barat (Januari – Februari 2024) dan musim timur (Mei – Juli 2024), dengan menggunakan data batimetri BATNAS BIG, pasang surut TPXO 8.0, serta gelombang dan angin dari ECMWF ERA5. Validasi model pada musim barat menghasilkan nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) sebesar 0,096 m, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) sebesar 0,077 m, Nash Sutchliffe Efficiency (NSE) sebesar 0,961, dan Indeks Willmott sebesar 0,990, sedangkan pada musim timur diperoleh nilai RMSE sebesar 0,112 m, MAE sebesar 0,090 m, NSE sebesar 0,943, dan Indeks Willmott sebesar 0,985, yang keseluruhannya menunjukkan performa model dalam kategori baik hingga sempurna. Pada musim barat teridentifikasi 22 titik zona potensi rip current yang berdampak pada 31 pantai dengan kecepatan arus berkisar 0,46 – 1,46 m/s, tinggi gelombang signifikan (Hs) berkisar 1,204 – 1,689 m, dan periode gelombang (Tp) berkisar 11,27 – 13,04 s. Pada musim timur teridentifikasi 26 titik zona potensi rip current yang berdampak pada 35 pantai dengan kecepatan arus berkisar 0,66 – 1,79 m/s, Hs berkisar 1,320 – 2,032 m, dan Tp berkisar 13,21 – 14,12 s. Rip current di kawasan Gunungkidul bersifat topographic rip yang lokasinya menetap akibat dikontrol oleh morfologi pantai bertebing dan bentuk teluk yang permanen, dengan intensitas musim timur yang lebih tinggi akibat gelombang lebih kuat dan rentang pasut lebih besar. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi landasan ilmiah bagi pemangku kepentingan dalam merumuskan strategi mitigasi bahaya rip current yang efektif dan berbasis data di kawasan wisata pantai selatan Kabupaten Gunungkidul.
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The southern coastal region of Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, is a major tourist destination with high visitor activity but is also exposed to significant coastal hazards associated with rip currents, as highlighted by the fatal incident at Drini Beach in January 2025. Rip currents are narrow, seaward-flowing currents generated through complex interactions among waves, coastal circulation, tidal dynamics, and shoreline morphology. Due to their dynamic nature and limited visibility, understanding their spatial distribution requires a robust modeling approach. This study aims to identify potential rip current zones along the Gunungkidul coastline under contrasting seasonal conditions using a hydrodynamic modeling framework based on two-dimensional simulations implemented in the Delft3D FLOW and WAVE modules. Simulations were conducted for the west monsoon period (January – February 2024) and the east monsoon period (May – July 2024), utilizing bathymetric data from BATNAS, tidal forcing from TPXO 8.0, and wave and wind data from ECMWF ERA5. Model validation demonstrated strong agreement between simulated and observed water levels. For the west monsoon, the model achieved a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.096 m, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.077 m, Nash Sutchliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.961, and Willmott Index of 0.990. During the east monsoon, validation metrics yielded an RMSE of 0.112 m, MAE of 0.090 m, NSE of 0.943, and Willmott Index of 0.985, indicating good to excellent model performance in both seasons. The simulations identified 22 potential rip current locations affecting 31 beaches during the west monsoon, with current velocities ranging from 0.46 to 1.46 m/s, significant wave heights between 1.204 and 1.689 m, and peak wave periods between 11.27 and 13.04 s. During the east monsoon, 26 potential rip current locations were detected, influencing 35 beaches, with current velocities ranging from 0.66 to 1.79 m/s, significant wave heights between 1.320 and 2.032 m, and peak wave periods between 13.21 and 14.12 s. The identified rip currents are predominantly classified as topographic rip currents, whose persistent locations are controlled by the region’s cliff-backed coastline and embayed beach morphology. Greater rip current intensity during the east monsoon is attributed to stronger wave forcing and a larger tidal range. The findings provide a scientific basis for coastal hazard assessment and support the development of scientifically informed rip current mitigation strategies for the highly visited beaches of southern Gunungkidul.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kawasan Pantai, Gunungkidul, Rip Current, Gelombang, Pemodelan Hidrodinamika, Coastal Area, Gunungkidul, Rip Currents, Waves, Hydrodynamic Modeling
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography > GC101.2 Seawater--Analysis Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA911 Fluid dynamics. Hydrodynamics T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC203.5 Coastal engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Vera Mei Suhardini
Date Deposited:	14 Jul 2026 08:02
Last Modified:	14 Jul 2026 08:02
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134890

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