Analisis Kinematika dan Energi Translasi-Rotasi pada Simulasi Permainan Biliar Bola 8 Menggunakan Discrete Element Method

Bagraff, Nadia (2026) Analisis Kinematika dan Energi Translasi-Rotasi pada Simulasi Permainan Biliar Bola 8 Menggunakan Discrete Element Method. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Permainan biliar bola 8 melibatkan fenomena fisika tumbukam, transfer momentum, gaya gesek, serta perubahan energi translasi-rotasi pada bola. Kompleksitas gerak bola pasca-break shot menyebabkan pengamatan secara langsung sulit dilakukan secara rinci, terutama pada fase tumbukan berantai antarbola. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkalibrasi parameter koefisien gesek guling (rolling friction) dan restitusi bola pada simulasi Discrete Element Method (DEM), mengenalisis validitas model simulasi EDEM berdasarkan nilai galat relatif dan deviasi posisi terhadap eksperimen nyata serta game online, serta menganalisis perubahan energi translasi-rotasi selama proses tumbukan. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui eksperimen nyata dan skenario virtual yang direkam dalam bentuk video, kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan perangkat lunak Tracker untuk mendapatkan data koordinat, jarak tempuh, dan kecepatan awal bola. Simulasi numerik dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak EDEM dengan model kontak Hertz-Mindlin, kemudian hasilnya dibandingkan terhadap data eksperimen nyata dan game online melalui pendekatan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model EDEM mampu merepresentasikan perilaku tumbukan bola biliar secara cukup baik, terutama pada fase tumbukan primer yang melibatkan Bola Cue dan Bola 1 dengan galat relatif ≤5%. Namun, Namun, pada bola-bola sekunder, nilai galat dan deviasi posisi cenderung meningkat akibat tumbukan berantai, sensitivitas kondisi awal, perbedaan kondisi permukaan meja, serta kemungkinan efek putaran (spin). Komparasi dengan game online menunjukkan bahwa pola gerak virtual belum sepenuhnya merepresentasikan kondisi fisik nyata karena adanya penyederhanaan pada sistem physics engine. Analisis energi menunjukkan adanya transfer energi dari Bola Cue ke bola objek, serta perubahan energi translasi menjadi energi rotasi akibat tumbukan dan gesekan permukaan meja. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, simulasi EDEM dapat digunakan sebagai pendekatan komputasi untuk menganalisis dinamika tumbukan bola biliar, meskipun validitas model lebih kuat pada fase tumbukan awal dibandingkan pada tumbukan lanjutan.
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The 8-ball billiards game is a precision sport involving collision physics, momentum transfer, frictional effects, and changes in translational and rotational energy. The complexity of ball motion following a break shot makes direct observation difficult, particularly during the chained collision phase involving multiple balls. This study aims to calibrate the rolling friction coefficient and ball restitution parameters in a Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation, evaluate the validity of the EDEM simulation model based on relative error and positional deviation compared with real experiments and an online game, and investigate changes in translational and rotational energy throughout the collision process. Research data were obtained from real experiments and virtual scenarios recorded as videos, which were subsequently analyzed using Tracker software to extract ball coordinates, travel distances, and initial velocities. Numerical simulations were conducted using EDEM software with the Hertz–Mindlin contact model. The simulation results were then compared with data from real experiments and an online game using a triangulation approach. The results indicate that the EDEM model is capable of representing billiard ball collision behavior with good accuracy, particularly during the primary collision phase between the cue ball and Ball 1, where the relative error was ≤5%. However, for secondary balls, the relative error and positional deviation increased due to chained collisions, sensitivity to initial conditions, differences in table surface conditions, and potential spin effects. Comparisons with the online game revealed that the virtual motion patterns do not fully represent real physical behavior because of simplifications in the game's physics engine. Energy analysis showed a transfer of energy from the cue ball to the object balls, along with the conversion of translational energy into rotational energy resulting from collisions and friction between the balls and the table surface. Overall, the findings demonstrate that EDEM simulation is a reliable computational approach for analyzing billiard ball collision dynamics, although its validity is stronger during the initial collision phase than during subsequent chained collisions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Altair EDEM, Biliar Bola 8, Discrete Element Method (DEM), Energi Translasi-Rotasi, Galat Relatif, Gesek Guling, Hertz-Mindlin, Triangulasi Data
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC111 Density and specific gravity T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Nadia Nur Aini Bagraff
Date Deposited:	15 Jul 2026 06:30
Last Modified:	15 Jul 2026 06:30
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134896

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