Analisis Strategi Transshipment pada Distribusi Batu Bara ke PLTU Menggunakan Metode Set Covering Problem (SCP)

Panjaitan, Rachel (2026) Analisis Strategi Transshipment pada Distribusi Batu Bara ke PLTU Menggunakan Metode Set Covering Problem (SCP). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Batu bara merupakan salah satu sumber energi primer utama bagi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) di Indonesia, sehingga keandalan distribusinya menjadi faktor penting dalam menjaga kontinuitas pasokan listrik. Dalam praktiknya, distribusi batu bara ke PLTU menghadapi kendala kedalaman jetty, keterbatasan fasilitas sandar dan bongkar muat, perbedaan karakteristik moda transportasi, serta biaya transportasi laut yang tinggi. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan vessel berkapasitas besar tidak selalu dapat digunakan secara langsung menuju PLTU, sehingga diperlukan analisis strategi distribusi berbasis transshipment. Penelitian ini menganalisis tiga skenario distribusi, yaitu direct shipping, transshipment statis, dan transshipment dinamis, dengan mempertimbangkan biaya transportasi dan waktu distribusi. Metode yang digunakan adalah two-stage approach, dengan tahap pertama menggunakan Set Covering Problem (SCP) untuk menentukan jumlah dan lokasi titik transshipment yang mampu melayani seluruh PLTU dalam batas coverage waktu 96 jam. Pada skenario dinamis, pemilihan titik transshipment mempertimbangkan weighted travel time berdasarkan bobot kebutuhan distribusi setiap periode, sehingga lokasi yang digunakan dapat berubah mengikuti perubahan kebutuhan distribusi bulanan. Tahap kedua dilakukan melalui perhitungan biaya transportasi dan waktu distribusi pada setiap skenario untuk mengetahui perbandingan kinerja masing-masing strategi distribusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skenario transshipment statis menggunakan dua titik transshipment, yaitu Indramayu dan Rembang, sedangkan skenario transshipment dinamis menghasilkan konfigurasi titik transshipment yang dapat berbeda antarperiode. Berdasarkan perbandingan biaya, skenario transshipment dinamis dengan kombinasi vessel 50K dan tongkang 330 ft menghasilkan biaya transportasi sebesar Rp1.564.831.818.182 per tahun dan memberikan efisiensi biaya sebesar 24,02% dibandingkan baseline direct shipping menggunakan tongkang 300 ft.
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Coal is one of the main primary energy sources for Steam Power Plants (PLTU) in Indonesia; therefore, the reliability of its distribution plays an important role in maintaining the continuity of electricity supply. In practice, coal distribution to PLTU faces several constraints, including jetty depth limitations, limited berthing and loading-unloading facilities, differences in transportation mode characteristics, and high maritime transportation costs. These conditions prevent large-capacity vessels from being used directly to deliver coal to PLTU, making it necessary to analyze a distribution strategy based on transshipment. This study analyzes three distribution scenarios, namely direct shipping, static transshipment, and dynamic transshipment, by considering transportation costs and distribution time. The method used in this study is a two-stage approach, in which the first stage applies the Set Covering Problem (SCP) to determine the number and location of transshipment points that can serve all PLTU within a 96-hour coverage time limit. In the dynamic scenario, the selection of transshipment points considers weighted travel time based on the distribution demand weight in each period, allowing the selected locations to change according to monthly distribution demand. The second stage calculates transportation costs and distribution time for each scenario to compare the performance of the distribution strategies. The results show that the static transshipment scenario uses two transshipment points, namely Indramayu and Rembang, while the dynamic transshipment scenario produces transshipment point configurations that may vary across periods. Based on the cost comparison, the dynamic transshipment scenario using a 50K vessel and a 330 ft barge generates a transportation cost of IDR 1,564,831,818,182 per year and provides a cost efficiency of 24.02% compared with the direct shipping baseline using a 300 ft barge.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	batu bara, analisis biaya distribusi, Set Covering Problem, transshipment, weighted travel time, coal, distribution cost analysis, Set Covering Problem, transshipment, weighted travel time
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Rachel Panjaitan
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 07:20
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 07:20
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134942

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