Perancangan Pabrik Dimethyl Ether (DME) dari Proses Gasifikasi Low-Rank Coal

Sudarto, Rafida Aulia and Mauludani, Farhan Rif'at (2026) Perancangan Pabrik Dimethyl Ether (DME) dari Proses Gasifikasi Low-Rank Coal. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap impor LPG terus mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi ketergantungan tersebut, dimetil eter (DME) diusulkan sebagai bahan pencampur LPG. Pabrik DME yang dirancang pada studi ini menggunakan batu bara kalori rendah sebagai bahan baku utama dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 197.364,58 ton per tahun. Pemanfaatan batu bara kalori rendah didasarkan pada ketersediaannya yang melimpah di Indonesia. Proses produksi DME meliputi beberapa tahapan utama, yaitu pretreatment batu bara, gasifikasi, water gas shift (WGS), pemisahan gas asam (acid gas removal), sintesis DME dan pemurnian produk, serta kompresi gas CO2. Tahap pretreatment dilakukan melalui pengeringan batu bara menggunakan rotary dryer dan pengecilan ukuran menggunakan ball mill dan vertical spindle mill. Selanjutnya, batu bara dikonversi menjadi gas sintesis (syngas) menggunakan entrained-flow gasifier dengan teknologi komersial Koppers-Totzek. Unit WGS berfungsi untuk menyesuaikan rasio H₂/CO sekaligus menghidrolisis senyawa COS menjadi H₂S. Pada tahap acid gas removal, larutan MDEA dan piperazine digunakan sebagai absorben untuk menurunkan kadar CO₂ sedangkan H₂S dalam syngasdihilangkan menggunakan alat desulfurizer. Sintesis DME dilakukan dengan metode direct synthesis, yaitu pembentukan DME secara langsung dari syngas. Berdasarkan hasil perancangan, untuk menghasilkan 197.364,58 ton DME per tahun dibutuhkan batu bara kalori rendah sebanyak 556.590 ton per tahun. Selain produk utama berupa DME, proses ini juga menghasilkan metanol sebagai produk samping dengan kapasitas 1.691,55 ton per tahun, dan CO2 EOR sebanyak 489.123,76 ton per tahun. Produk yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi spesifikasi yang berlaku sehingga dinilai layak secara teknis untuk dipasarkan. Evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa pabrik memerlukan investasi modal tetap (CAPEX) sebesar $ 271.871.370,57 dan biaya operasional tahunan (OPEX) sebesar $ 90.662.691,67. Umur operasi pabrik direncanakan selama 20 tahun dengan masa pengembalian pinjaman selama 20 tahun. Hasil analisis ekonomi menghasilkan nilai Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar $ 157.179.593,92, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 11,74%, Pay Out Time (POT) pada tahun ke-7, serta Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 43%. Berdasarkan parameter teknis dan ekonomi tersebut, pabrik DME dari batu bara kalori rendah dinilai layak untuk direalisasikan.
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The dependence of Indonesia on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) imports continues to increase year by year. In an effort to reduce this dependency, dimethyl ether (DME) has been proposed as an LPG blending agent. The DME plant designed in this study utilizes low-calorie coal as the primary raw material, with a production capacity of 197.364,58 tons per year. The utilization of low-calorie coal is based on its abundant availability in Indonesia. The DME production process comprises several main stages: coal pretreatment, gasification, water gas shift (WGS), acid gas removal, DME synthesis and product purification, as well as CO2 gas compression. The pretreatment stage is carried out through coal drying using a rotary dryer and size reduction using a ball mill and a vertical spindle mill. Subsequently, the coal is converted into synthesis gas (syngas) using an entrained-flow gasifier with commercial Koppers-Totzek technology. The WGS unit serves to adjust the H2/CO ratio while simultaneously hydrolyzing COS compounds into H2S. In the acid gas removal stage, an MDEA and piperazine solution is used as an absorbent to reduce CO2 levels, while H2S in the syngas is removed using a desulfurizer unit. DME synthesis is performed via the direct synthesis method, which involves the direct formation of DME from syngas. Based on the design results, producing 197.364,58 tons of DME per year requires 556,590 tons of low-calorie coal per year. In addition to DME as the main product, this process also yields methanol as a by-product with a capacity of 1.691,55 tons per year, and CO2 EOR amounting to 489.123,76 tons per year. The resulting products meet applicable specifications, thereby rendering them technically feasible for commercialization. Economic evaluation indicates that the plant requires a Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) of $ 271.871.370,57 and an annual Operational Expenditure (OPEX) of $ 90.662.691,67. The plant's operational lifetime is planned for 20 years, with a loan repayment period of 20 years. The economic analysis yields a Net Present Value (NPV) of $ 157.179.593,92, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 11,74%, a Pay Out Time (POT) in the 7th year, and a Break-Even Point (BEP) of 43%. Based on these technical and economic parameters, the low-calorie coal-to-DME plant is deemed feasible for realization.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Batubara, Dimetil Eter, Sintesis Langsung, Gasifikasi, Coal, Dimethyl Ether, Direct Synthesis, Gasification
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rafida Aulia Sudarto
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 09:28
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 09:28
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134962

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