Analisis Pengaruh Perbandingan Etil Asetat Dengan Air Terhadap Sifat Termal Dan Sifat Fisik Pada Nitroselulosa Dalam Pembuatan Single Base Propellant

Nugroho, Bagas Satrio (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Perbandingan Etil Asetat Dengan Air Terhadap Sifat Termal Dan Sifat Fisik Pada Nitroselulosa Dalam Pembuatan Single Base Propellant. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Selama beberapa dekade, propelan single base berbasis nitroselulosa (NC) menjadi andalan dalam amunisi modern karena proses produksinya yang sederhana dan memenuhi standar lingkungan. Morfologi butir dan kestabilan termal NC sangat dipengaruhi oleh rasio pelarut yang digunakan dalam proses gelatinisasi. Etil asetat dipilih sebagai pelarut utama karena volatilitasnya sedang dan sifat ramah lingkungan, namun peran air dalam komposisi pelarut terhadap karakteristik propelan belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rasio optimal etil asetat : air dalam proses pembuatan propelan single base sehingga menghasilkan sifat fisik dan termal yang unggul. Proses sintesis dilakukan dengan metode cast single base, yaitu mencampurkan NC kering ke dalam larutan pelarut etil asetat : air dengan rasio 90 : 10, 70 : 30, dan 50 : 50. Campuran diaduk menggunakan magnetic stirrer hingga terbentuk gel homogen, kemudian dicasting dengan metode Extrusion untuk membentuk propelan. Setelah itu, dilakukan curing agar propelan lebih stabil . Kemudian dilakukan pengujian SEM-EDX, Densitas, Uji Laju Bakar, dan Uji Ignition Temperature. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa variasi rasio etil asetat terhadap air memengaruhi karakteristik mikrostruktur, sifat fisik, dan termal propelan secara signifikan. Rasio 70:30 ditemukan sebagai komposisi paling optimal yang menghasilkan struktur paling kompak dengan nilai densitas tertinggi sebesar 1,1921 g/cm³. Sebaliknya, rasio 50:50 menghasilkan struktur berpori menyerupai spons dengan densitas terendah sebesar 0,8870 g/cm³. Dalam pengujian sifat termal, rasio 50:50 menunjukkan stabilitas terendah dengan rata-rata suhu penyalaan 137,33 °C akibat mekanisme pemanasan internal pada pori-pori. Pengujian performa pembakaran menunjukkan bahwa rasio 70:30 memiliki laju bakar tertinggi dengan rata-rata mencapai 22,33 mm/detik. Secara keseluruhan, penggunaan rasio pelarut 70:30 memberikan konsolidasi polimer terbaik yang menghasilkan sifat fisik dan termal yang unggul untuk single base propellant.
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For decades, nitrocellulose (NC)-based single base propellants have been a mainstay in modern ammunition due to their simple production process and compliance with environmental standards. The grain morphology and thermal stability of NC are strongly influenced by the solvent ratio used in the gelatinization process. Ethyl acetate was chosen as the main solvent because of its moderate volatility and environmentally friendly properties, however the role of water in the solvent composition on propellant characteristics has not been widely studied. This research aims to determine the optimal ratio of ethyl acetate : water in the single base propellant manufacturing process so as to produce superior physical and thermal properties. The synthesis process was carried out using the cast single base method, namely mixing dry NC into a solvent solution of ethyl acetate : water with a ratio of 90 : 10, 70 : 30, and 50 : 50. The mixture was stirred using a magnetic stirrer until a homogeneous gel was formed, then cast using the Extrusion method to form a propellant. After that, curing is carried out so that the propellant is more stable. Then SEM-EDX testing, Density, Burn Rate Test and Ignition Temperature Test were carried out. Test results show that variations in the ratio of ethyl acetate to water significantly influence the microstructural, physical and thermal characteristics of the propellant. The ratio 70:30 was found to be the most optimal composition which produced the most compact structure with the highest density value of 1.1921 g/cm³. On the other hand, a 50:50 ratio produces a porous structure resembling a sponge with the lowest density of 0.8870 g/cm³. In thermal properties testing, the 50:50 ratio showed the lowest stability with an average ignition temperature of 137.33 °C due to the internal heating mechanism in the pores. Combustion performance testing shows that the 70:30 ratio has the highest combustion rate with an average of 22.33 mm/second. Overall, the use of a solvent ratio of 70:30 provides the best polymer consolidation resulting in superior physical and thermal properties for a single base propellant.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Nitroselulosa, Single Base Propellant, Karakterisasi.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Bagas Satrio Nugroho
Date Deposited:	15 Jul 2026 06:36
Last Modified:	15 Jul 2026 06:36
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134996

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