Asyhari, Ashlih Hanifuddin (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Kuat Arus dan Jarak Anoda Dan Katoda Elektroplating Hard Chrome Terhadap Ketebalan, Kekasaran, Dan Kekerasan Pin Rantai Tipe 428 Dengan Material Aisi 15B25. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Keausan pada pin rantai sepeda motor merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya kemuluran rantai akibat gesekan berulang antara pin dan bushing. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanis pin rantai adalah elektroplating hard chrome. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi kuat arus dan jarak anoda–katoda terhadap ketebalan lapisan, kekasaran permukaan, dan kekerasan pin rantai sepeda motor tipe 428. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan variasi kuat arus sebesar 3 A, 4 A, dan 5 A serta jarak anoda–katoda 3 cm, 5 cm, dan 7 cm. Proses elektroplating dilakukan selama 30 menit pada suhu 50 – 60°C menggunakan larutan CrO₃ dan H₂SO₄ dengan perbandingan 100:1. Setelah pelapisan, spesimen diuji ketebalan lapisan menggunakan mikrometer digital, kekasaran permukaan menggunakan Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-210, dan kekerasan menggunakan Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi kuat arus dan jarak anoda–katoda berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik lapisan hard chrome. Ketebalan lapisan tertinggi diperoleh pada arus 5 A dan jarak 3 cm sebesar 47 µm, sedangkan ketebalan terendah pada arus 3 A dan jarak 7 cm sebesar 26,5 µm. Seluruh spesimen mengalami penurunan kekasaran dari 0,546 µm menjadi 0,321 - 0,528 µm, dengan nilai terbaik pada arus 4 A dan jarak 5 cm sebesar 0,321 µm. Kekerasan permukaan meningkat signifikan dari 311,1 HV menjadi 599,6 – 885,93 HV, dengan nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada arus 5 A dan jarak 3 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan arus dan pengurangan jarak elektroda mampu meningkatkan ketebalan dan kekerasan lapisan, sedangkan kombinasi arus dan jarak yang optimal menghasilkan permukaan yang lebih halus. Secara keseluruhan, kombinasi arus 5 A dan jarak 3 cm merupakan kondisi optimum untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanis pin rantai melalui proses elektroplating hard chrome.
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Wear of motorcycle chain pins is the primary cause of chain elongation due to repeated friction between the pin and the bushing. One effective method to improve the mechanical properties of chain pins is hard chrome electroplating. This study aimed to investigate the effects of electric current and anode–cathode distance on coating thickness, surface roughness, and hardness of 428 motorcycle chain pins. This research employed an experimental method using current variations of 3 A, 4 A, and 5 A and anode–cathode distance variations of 3 cm, 5 cm, and 7 cm. The hard chrome electroplating process was carried out for 30 minutes at a temperature of 50 – 60°C using a CrO₃ & H₂SO₄ electrolyte solution with a ratio of 100:1. After the electroplating process, coating thickness was measured using a digital micrometer, surface roughness was evaluated using a Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-210, and hardness was determined using a Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. The results showed that both electric current and anode–cathode distance significantly affected the characteristics of the hard chrome coating. The maximum coating thickness of 18.5 µm was obtained at a current of 5 A and an anode–cathode distance of 3 cm, while the minimum thickness of 8.5 µm was achieved at 3 A and 7 cm. All specimens exhibited a reduction in surface roughness from 0.546 µm to 0.321– 0.528 µm, with the lowest roughness value of 0.321 µm obtained at 4 A and 5 cm. Surface hardness increased significantly from 311.1 HV to 599.6 – 885.93 HV, with the highest hardness achieved at 5 A and 3 cm. The findings indicate that increasing the current and reducing the anode–cathode distance enhance the coating thickness and hardness, while an appropriate combination of process parameters produces a smoother and more uniform surface. Overall, a current of 5 A and an anode–cathode distance of 3 cm were identified as the optimum electroplating conditions for improving the mechanical properties of 428 motorcycle chain pins.
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