Studi Pengaruh Temperatur dan Holding Time terhadap Performa Elektrokimia dan Stabilitas pada Katalis Pt@Fenc untuk Aplikasi PEMFC

Al Haq, Hikmatiar Muslim (2026) Studi Pengaruh Temperatur dan Holding Time terhadap Performa Elektrokimia dan Stabilitas pada Katalis Pt@Fenc untuk Aplikasi PEMFC. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) merupakan salah satu teknologi yang berpotensi besar dalam mengurangi dampak pemanasan global, namun katalis berbasis platinum yang umum digunakan masih memiliki keterbatasan pada performa elektrokimia untuk reaksi Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) serta stabilitas jangka panjang. Material Fe–N–C (FeNC) diketahui memiliki aktivitas ORR dan ketahanan yang baik dalam suasana asam akibat efek anchoring atom nitrogen terhadap Fe, sehingga penggunaannya sebagai material pendukung diharapkan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas katalitik melalui peran ko-katalis sekaligus memperkuat stabilitas dengan mengankorkan partikel Pt pada situs nitrogen. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh temperatur sintesis (300, 400, 500, dan 600 °C) serta waktu pirolisis (1, 2, dan 3 jam) terhadap karakteristik dan performa katalis Pt@FeNC melalui karakterisasi menggunakan XRD, FTIR, SEM, cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), dan uji *single cell*. Hasil XRD menunjukkan terbentuknya fasa platinum berstruktur kristal face-centered cubic (FCC) pada sudut 2θ sekitar 39–40°, 46°, 67–68°, dan 81–82°, disertai keberadaan fasa Fe₂N, Fe₃C, dan Fe₂O₃, sedangkan hasil FTIR mengonfirmasi adanya ikatan Fe–N, Fe–C, dan Fe–O yang mendukung terbentuknya struktur FeNC. Pengujian CV menunjukkan bahwa katalis yang disintesis pada suhu 400 °C selama 2 jam memiliki electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) tertinggi dengan karakter adsorpsi–desorpsi oksigen terbaik, yang sejalan dengan hasil LSV yang menunjukkan performa ORR paling optimal. Meskipun stabilitas katalis dalam suasana asam meningkat seiring kenaikan suhu dan waktu pemanasan, peningkatan tersebut diikuti oleh penurunan aktivitas akibat pertumbuhan kristal dan berkurangnya luas permukaan aktif. Nilai number of electron yang mendekati 4 pada hampir seluruh variasi kondisi menunjukkan bahwa ORR berlangsung melalui mekanisme empat elektron yang efisien dengan produk utama berupa H₂O. Hasil uji single cell menunjukkan bahwa katalis Pt@FeNC yang disintesis pada 400 °C selama 2 jam menghasilkan power density tertinggi sebesar 283 mW cm⁻², melampaui katalis Pt/C komersial. Secara keseluruhan, kondisi sintesis tersebut menghasilkan komposisi fasa yang paling optimal, ECSA tertinggi, serta keseimbangan terbaik antara aktivitas dan stabilitas, sehingga memberikan kinerja ORR paling unggul.
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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are among the most promising technologies for mitigating the impacts of global warming; however, the platinum-based catalysts commonly used still suffer from limitations in electrochemical performance for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) and long-term stability. Fe–N–C (FeNC) materials exhibit excellent ORR activity and durability in acidic environments due to the anchoring effect of nitrogen atoms on iron, making FeNC a promising support material to enhance catalytic activity through a co-catalyst effect while improving stability by anchoring Pt nanoparticles at nitrogen sites. This study investigates the effects of synthesis temperature (300, 400, 500, and 600 °C) and holding time (1, 2, and 3 h) on the characteristics and performance of Pt@FeNC catalysts, which were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and single-cell testing. XRD results reveal the formation of platinum with a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure at 2θ values of approximately 39–40°, 46°, 67–68°, and 81–82°, together with Fe₂N, Fe₃C, and Fe₂O₃ phases, while FTIR analysis confirms the presence of Fe–N, Fe–C, and Fe–O bonds, indicating the successful formation of the FeNC structure. CV measurements show that the catalyst synthesized at 400 °C for 2 h exhibits the highest electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and the most favorable oxygen adsorption–desorption behavior, which is consistent with LSV results demonstrating the best ORR activity under the same condition. Although catalyst stability in acidic media improves with increasing synthesis temperature and holding time, this enhancement is accompanied by reduced catalytic activity due to crystal growth and a decrease in active surface area. The electron transfer number, which is close to 4 under nearly all synthesis conditions, indicates that the ORR predominantly follows an efficient four-electron pathway with H₂O as the main reaction product. Single-cell testing further demonstrates that the Pt@FeNC catalyst synthesized at 400 °C for 2 h achieves the highest power density of 283 mW cm⁻², outperforming commercial Pt/C. Overall, this synthesis condition provides the optimal phase composition, the highest ECSA, and the best balance between catalytic activity and stability, resulting in superior ORR performance.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Heat Treatment, ORR, PEMFC, Pt@FeNC
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD115 Electrochemical analysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD281 Pyrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD471 Chemical compounds - Structure and formulas Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD481 Chemical structure. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD79.T38 Thermal analysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD905.2 Crystals.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Hikmatiar Muslim Al Haq
Date Deposited:	17 Jul 2026 07:42
Last Modified:	17 Jul 2026 07:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135352

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