Desain Pabrik Karbon Aktif Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Pirolisis Dengan Kapasitas 14.000 Ton/Tahun

Winata, Rakay Galang Pandhu and Prabasworo, Ludowikus Adi (2026) Desain Pabrik Karbon Aktif Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Pirolisis Dengan Kapasitas 14.000 Ton/Tahun. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia sebagai produsen utama minyak sawit menghasilkan limbah biomassa melimpah, terutama tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sekitar 210 kg per ton TBS, namun pemanfaatannya masih terbatas. Laporan tugas akhir ini menyusun desain pabrik karbon aktif berbasis TKKS dengan skema operasi kontinyu selama 330 hari per tahun dan kapasitas produksi 14.175,30 ton per tahun. Pemilihan lokasi di Kalimantan Tengah didasarkan pada kedekatan dengan sentra perkebunan dan pabrik kelapa sawit sehingga ketersediaan TKKS lebih terjamin, kontinuitas pasokan lebih stabil, serta biaya logistik bahan baku berpotensi lebih rendah. Proses produksi dirancang melalui pirolisis termal untuk menghasilkan biochar dengan rendemen tinggi, kemudian dilanjutkan aktivasi fisika menggunakan steam dan CO2. Proses ini diproyeksikan akan memperoleh karbon aktif dengan kualitas adsorpsi tinggi dan spesifikasi iodine number lebih dari 1000, serta terbentuk jaringan mikro, meso, dan makropori yang relevan untuk aplikasi pemurnian fase cair maupun gas. Produk samping yang teridentifikasi meliputi fly ash, CO2, dan bio oil yang perlu dikelola sesuai rancangan utilitas dan pengendalian lingkungan. Evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan kebutuhan investasi total (TCI) sebesar Rp311.175.287.564,70 dengan modal tetap (FCI) Rp264.498.994.430,00 dan modal kerja (WCI) Rp46.676.293.134,71, serta penerimaan dari penjualan produk sebesar Rp 568.633.012.881,12. Indikator kelayakan memberikan IRR 21,27 persen, payout time 4,88 tahun, dan BEP pada 37,23 persen kapasitas, dengan umur pabrik 20 tahun dan masa konstruksi 2 tahun, sehingga desain ini dinilai layak untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai alternatif peningkatan nilai tambah TKKS sekaligus mendukung pengelolaan limbah biomassa dan peningkatan kualitas lingkungan.
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Indonesia, as a leading producer of palm oil, generates abundant biomass residues, particularly empty fruit bunches (EFB), amounting to approximately 210 kg per ton of fresh fruit bunches (FFB); however, their utilization remains limited. This final project report presents the design of an EFB-based activated carbon plant operating continuously for 330 days per year with an annual production capacity of 14,175.30 tons. Central Kalimantan was selected as the plant location due to its proximity to major plantations and palm oil mills, which is expected to ensure reliable EFB availability, improve feedstock supply continuity, and potentially reduce raw material logistics costs. The production route is designed to employ thermal pyrolysis to produce high-yield biochar, followed by physical activation using steam and CO2. This process is projected to produce activated carbon with high adsorption performance, meeting an iodine number specification greater than 1000, and developing micro-, meso-, and macroporous structures suitable for both liquid- and gas-phase purification applications. Identified by-products include fly ash, CO2, and bio-oil, which must be managed through appropriate utility systems and environmental control measures. The economic evaluation indicates a total capital investment (TCI) of IDR 311.175.287.564,70, comprising fixed capital investment (FCI) of IDR 264.498.994.430,00 and working capital investment (WCI) of IDR 46.676.293.134,71, with product sales revenue of IDR 568.633.012.881,12. Feasibility indicators yield an internal rate of return (IRR) of 21,27%, a payback period of 4,88 years, and a break-even point (BEP) at 37,23% capacity. With a plant lifetime of 20 years and a construction period of 2 years, the proposed design is considered feasible for further development as a value-added pathway for EFB while supporting biomass waste management and environmental quality improvement.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	TKKS, Karbon Aktif, Pirolisis, Aktivasi CO2, Limbah EFB, Activated Carbon, Pyrolysis, CO2 Activation, Waste
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ludowikus Adi Prabasworo
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2026 03:15
Last Modified:	20 Jul 2026 03:15
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135499

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