Laporan Magang Pengaruh Variasi Persentase Biomassa Terhadap Emisi Dan Efisiensi

Ghani, M.Athar Reza Laporan Magang Pengaruh Variasi Persentase Biomassa Terhadap Emisi Dan Efisiensi. Project Report. [s.n.]. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Pemanfaatan biomassa melalui skema co-firing pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) berbasis batubara merupakan salah satu strategi transisi energi untuk menurunkan emisi tanpa memerlukan perubahan besar pada infrastruktur pembangkit. Laporan ini menganalisis pengaruh variasi persentase biomassa terhadap emisi dan efisiensi pada PT. PLN Nusantara Power Unit Pembangkitan Paiton Unit 1&2. Analisis dilakukan terhadap campuran batubara Adaro dengan dua jenis biomassa, yaitu serbuk gergaji (sawdust) dan limbah uang kertas, pada rasio pencampuran 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, dan 50%. Metodologi yang digunakan meliputi observasi lapangan, pengumpulan data operasional, studi literatur, karakterisasi bahan bakar (analisis ultimate, proximate, nilai kalor, dan komposisi abu), serta simulasi numerik menggunakan perangkat lunak SteamPro (Thermoflow). Parameter yang dievaluasi mencakup emisi gas buang (SOx dan CO₂), efisiensi termal, performa boiler, serta konsumsi daya auxiliary. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan rasio biomassa secara konsisten menurunkan emisi SOx, dengan nilai terendah 243,5 kg/jam (0,6087 kg/MWh) pada rasio 50% untuk kedua jenis biomassa, sedangkan emisi CO₂ relatif stabil dengan sedikit peningkatan seiring bertambahnya proporsi biomassa. Sawdust menghasilkan efisiensi net (LHV) tertinggi sebesar 44,28% dengan heat rate terendah 8.130 kJ/kWh, serta unggul dalam transfer panas pada waterwall/evaporator, sementara limbah uang kertas unggul pada daya output gross (400.181 kW pada rasio 50%) dan transfer panas superheater, namun memiliki kandungan abu dan konsumsi daya auxiliary yang lebih tinggi. Berdasarkan keseluruhan hasil analisis, co-firing sawdust pada rasio 10% merupakan kombinasi paling optimal dengan efisiensi tertinggi, heat rate terendah, serta penurunan emisi SOx yang signifikan, sehingga layak dipertimbangkan sebagai langkah strategis dekarbonisasi sektor ketenagalistrikan.
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Biomass utilization via co-firing in coal-fired steam power plants (PLTU) serves as an energy transition strategy to reduce emissions without requiring major changes to power plant infrastructure. This report analyzes the impact of varying biomass percentages on emissions and efficiency at PT. PLN Nusantara Power’s Paiton Generation Unit (Units 1 & 2). The analysis focused on blends of Adaro coal with two types of biomass—sawdust and waste banknotes—at mixing ratios of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%. The methodology employed included field observations, operational data collection, literature reviews, fuel characterization (ultimate and proximate analyses, calorific value, and ash composition), and numerical simulations using SteamPro (Thermoflow) software. Evaluated parameters included flue gas emissions (SOx and CO₂), thermal efficiency, boiler performance, and auxiliary power consumption. Simulation results indicate that increasing the biomass ratio consistently reduced SOx emissions, reaching a minimum of 243.5 kg/h (0.6087 kg/MWh) at the 50% ratio for both biomass types, whereas CO₂ emissions remained relatively stable, showing only a slight increase as the biomass proportion rose. Sawdust achieved the highest net efficiency (LHV) at 44.28% with the lowest heat rate (8,130 kJ/kWh) and superior heat transfer at the waterwall/evaporator; conversely, waste banknotes performed better in terms of gross power output (400,181 kW at the 50% ratio) and superheater heat transfer, though they resulted in higher ash content and auxiliary power consumption. Based on the overall analysis results, sawdust co-firing at a 10% ratio represents the most optimal combination, offering the highest efficiency, lowest heat rate, and a significant reduction in SOx emissions; it therefore merits consideration as a strategic decarbonization measure for the power sector.

Item Type:	Monograph (Project Report)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	co-firing, biomassa, sawdust, limbah uang kertas, emisi, efisiensi, PLTU Paiton, SteamPro,co-firing, biomass, sawdust, banknote waste, emissions, efficiency, Paiton Power Plant, SteamPro
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	M.Athar Reza Ghani
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2026 03:35
Last Modified:	20 Jul 2026 03:35
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135526

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