Analisis Spasio-Temporal Fenomena Coral Bleaching Berbasis Citra di Perairan Pulau Gili Ketapang, Kabupaten Probolinggo

Wibisono, Muhammad Brilian (2026) Analisis Spasio-Temporal Fenomena Coral Bleaching Berbasis Citra di Perairan Pulau Gili Ketapang, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pulau Gili Ketapang merupakan kawasan wisata bahari di Kabupaten Probolinggo yang memiliki ekosistem terumbu karang penting namun rentan terhadap fenomena coral bleaching akibat peningkatan suhu permukaan laut (Sea Surface Temperature/SST). Pemantauan menggunakan survei lapangan memiliki keterbatasan sehingga diperlukan pendekatan penginderaan jauh yang lebih efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan radiometrik citra Landsat 8 setelah Normalisasi radiometrik dilakukan menggunakan metode Pseudo-Invariant Features (PIFs), yaitu teknik normalisasi yang memanfaatkan objek permukaan dengan karakteristik reflektansi relatif stabil antar waktu, menggunakan citra referensi yang telah ditentukan, serta menganalisis pengaruh SST terhadap sebaran coral bleaching di perairan Pulau Gili Ketapang periode 2019–2024. Penelitian memanfaatkan 102 scene citra Landsat 8 valid yang diolah menggunakan Google Earth Engine. Normalisasi radiometrik dilakukan dengan metode PIFs menggunakan citra referensi Agustus 2019. Klasifikasi kondisi karang menggunakan Brightness Index (BI) yang dibedakan menjadi karang sehat, karang sakit, dan terindikasi pemutihan. Analisis temporal dilakukan menggunakan ΔBI, sedangkan hubungan SST dengan coral bleaching dianalisis menggunakan korelasi. Validasi lapangan dilakukan pada 12 titik pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa normalisasi PIFs berhasil meningkatkan konsistensi radiometrik citra dengan nilai R² rata-rata 0,767–0,856. Sebaran coral bleaching menunjukkan tekanan yang persisten dengan puncak tekanan musiman umumnya terjadi pada bulan Oktober. Kondisi terbaik tercatat pada tahun 2022, sedangkan kondisi terparah terjadi pada 22 Oktober 2021. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan SST berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persentase area Terindikasi Pemutihan (r = +0,370; p = 0,016). Hasil validasi menghasilkan Overall Accuracy sebesar 83,3% dan koefisien Kappa 0,571, menunjukkan bahwa metode Brightness Index berbasis citra Landsat 8 mampu mendeteksi sebaran coral bleaching dengan akurasi yang memadai.
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Gili Ketapang Island is a marine tourism area in Probolinggo Regency that possesses an important coral reef ecosystem but is vulnerable to coral bleaching due to increasing Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Field survey-based monitoring has several limitations; therefore, a more efficient remote sensing approach is required. This study aims to analyze radiometric changes in Landsat 8 imagery after applying radiometric normalization using the Pseudo-Invariant Features (PIFs) method, a normalization technique that utilizes surface objects with relatively stable reflectance characteristics over time based on a predetermined reference image, identify the spatial and temporal distribution of coral bleaching, and analyze the influence of SST on coral bleaching distribution in the waters of Gili Ketapang Island during the 2019–2024 period. A total of 102 valid Landsat 8 scenes were processed using Google Earth Engine. Radiometric normalization was performed using the PIFs method with an August 2019 image as the reference. Coral reef conditions were classified using the Brightness Index (BI) into healthy coral, stressed coral, and suspected bleaching classes. Temporal analysis was conducted using ΔBI, while the relationship between SST and coral bleaching was analyzed using correlation analysis. Field validation was carried out at 12 observation points. The results indicate that PIFs normalization successfully improved the radiometric consistency of the imagery, with average R² values ranging from 0.767 to 0.856. The spatial distribution of coral bleaching showed persistent stress, with seasonal peaks generally occurring in October. The best coral condition was observed in 2022, whereas the most severe bleaching condition occurred on October 22, 2021. Correlation analysis revealed that SST had a significant positive effect on the percentage of the suspected bleaching area (r = +0.370; p = 0.016). Field validation yielded an Overall Accuracy of 83.3% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.571, indicating that the Brightness Index method based on Landsat 8 imagery is capable of detecting the spatial distribution of coral bleaching with satisfactory accuracy.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Analisis Spasio-Temporal, Coral Bleaching, Landsat-8, Normalisasi Radiometrik, PIFs, Suhu Permukaan Laut, dan Terumbu Karang, Keywords: Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Coral Bleaching, Landsat-8, Radiometric Normalization, PIFs, Sea Surface Temperature, and Coral Reefs
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.217 Geospatial data G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.5.I4 Remote sensing G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography > GC161 Ocean temperature
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Brilian Wibisono
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2026 03:25
Last Modified:	20 Jul 2026 03:25
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135544

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