Analisis Komparatif Efektivitas Jalur Evakuasi Pada Arsitektur Powerhouse Atas Tanah Dan Bawah Tanah Melalui Studi Isolasi Variabel Berbasis Simulasi Pathfinder

Taufiqqurrahman, Nuri Setyo (2026) Analisis Komparatif Efektivitas Jalur Evakuasi Pada Arsitektur Powerhouse Atas Tanah Dan Bawah Tanah Melalui Studi Isolasi Variabel Berbasis Simulasi Pathfinder. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pembangkit listrik adalah infrastruktur vital yang rentan terhadap insiden darurat. Penelitian ini menyajikan studi isolasi variabel untuk membandingkan efektivitas evakuasi antara arsitektur powerhouse atas tanah (above-ground) dan bawah tanah (underground). Menggunakan geometri dasar yang 100% identik, parameter kecepatan yang divalidasi berdasarkan standar Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE), dan simulasi berbasis agen (Pathfinder) yang melibatkan 163 agen, dampak dari arah pergerakan vertikal diisolasi secara eksklusif. Hasil dari Skenario Ideal menunjukkan bahwa meskipun jarak tempuh identik, arsitektur bawah tanah secara konsisten menghasilkan Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) 60,7% lebih lama (448,8 detik) dibandingkan fasilitas atas tanah (279,3 detik) akibat lambatnya kecepatan biomekanik pergerakan vertikal ke atas. Secara krusial, Paradoks Braess terkonfirmasi secara eksklusif pada arsitektur bawah tanah. Pemblokiran rute tangga utama yang memaksa jarak tempuh meningkat 40,4% secara paradoksal justru memperbaiki RSET fasilitas bawah tanah sebesar 4,5%, sementara RSET arsitektur atas tanah memburuk sebesar 12,4%. Hal ini mengonfirmasi kerentanan ekstrem yang dipicu oleh perilaku pencarian rute egois (selfish routing). Implementasi sistem Evakuasi Terpandu terbukti empat kali lebih efektif dalam hal penghematan waktu absolut ketika diterapkan pada fasilitas bawah tanah, sukses menurunkan RSET secara substansial sebesar 41,4% dan mempersempit kesenjangan kinerja dari rasio kelambatan 1,61 kali menjadi hanya 1,13 kali. Pada akhirnya, intervensi manajemen rute secara dinamis, seperti Dynamic Evacuation Routing System (DERS), sangat krusial untuk mengkompensasi kerentanan inheren yang disebabkan oleh interaksi perilaku manusia pada fasilitas bawah tanah.
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Power plants are vital infrastructures vulnerable to emergencies. This research presents a variable isolation study to compare evacuation effectiveness between above-ground and underground powerhouse architectures. Using an identical baseline geometry, speed parameters validated against the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) standards, and agent-based simulation (Pathfinder) involving 163 agents, the impact of vertical movement was exclusively isolated. Results from the Ideal Scenario reveal that despite identical travel distances, the underground architecture consistently produced a 60.7% longer Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) (448.8s) than the above-ground facility (279.3s) due to slower upward biomechanical speeds. Crucially, Braess’s Paradox was exclusively confirmed in the underground architecture. Blocking the main stair route increased travel distance by 40.4% but paradoxically improved the underground RSET by 4.5%, whereas the above-ground RSET worsened by 12.4%. This confirms the extreme vulnerabilities triggered by selfish routing behavior. Implementing a Guided Evacuation system proved four times more effective in terms of absolute time savings when applied to the underground facility, substantially reducing RSET by 41.4% and narrowing the performance gap from a 1.61 times to a 1.13 times delay ratio. Ultimately, dynamic route management interventions, such as a Dynamic Evacuation Routing System (DERS), are crucial to compensate for inherent vulnerabilities caused by human behavior interactions in underground facilities.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pembangkit listrik, Paradoks braess, Pathfinder, Selfish routing, Simulasi Evakuasi, Required safe egress time, Braess's paradox, Evacuation simulation, Pathfinder, Power Plant, Required safe egress time
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T55 Industrial Safety
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 78201-System And Technology Innovation
Depositing User:	Nuri Setyo Taufiqqurrahman
Date Deposited:	21 Jul 2026 15:51
Last Modified:	21 Jul 2026 15:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135580

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