Investigasi Geoarkeologi Situs Sentonorejo Trowulan Menggunakan Electrical Resistivity Tomography dan Ground Penetrating Radar

Saputra, Raihan Rizky (2026) Investigasi Geoarkeologi Situs Sentonorejo Trowulan Menggunakan Electrical Resistivity Tomography dan Ground Penetrating Radar. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Situs Umpak Sentonorejo merupakan salah satu situs arkeologi di Kawasan Kedaton Trowulan yang diidentifikasi sebagai fondasi bangunan panggung monumental peninggalan Kerajaan Majapahit. Sebagian besar struktur arkeologi di situs ini telah tertimbun sedimen akibat proses degradasi dan bencana geologi masa lampau sehingga tidak dapat diidentifikasi secara utuh melalui observasi permukaan maupun ekskavasi konvensional. Penelitian geofisika sebelumnya di kawasan Kedaton Sentonorejo belum mencakup area Situs Umpak secara langsung serta masih memiliki keterbatasan dalam resolusi pencitraan bawah permukaan pada kedalaman dangkal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik bawah permukaan Situs Umpak Sentonorejo melalui integrasi metode Electrical Resistivity Tomography dan Ground Penetrating Radar sebagai pendekatan non-destruktif dengan resolusi spasial yang lebih tinggi. Akuisisi data ERT-1 dilakukan menggunakan konfigurasi Wenner-Alpha pada 12 lintasan dengan spasi elektroda 2 m dan 24 elektroda per lintasan, sedangkan ERT-2 dilakukan pada 9 lintasan dengan spasi elektroda bervariasi menggunakan konfigurasi yang sama. Data ERT diolah menggunakan pyGIMLi untuk menghasilkan penampang resistivitas dua dimensi dan visualisasi depth slice. Sementara itu, akuisisi data Ground Penetrating Radar dilakukan pada tiga area pengukuran dan diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak RGPR untuk menghasilkan radargram dua dimensi dan visualisasi time slice. Hasil ERT-1 menunjukkan variasi distribusi resistivitas secara lateral dan vertikal, dengan zona resistivitas relatif tinggi yang berkembang pada kedalaman dangkal 0-2 m dan distribusi yang cenderung lebih homogen pada kedalaman lebih besar. Hasil ERT-2 menunjukkan pola serupa dengan zona resistivitas relatif tinggi yang berkembang pada bagian barat dan utara area penelitian hingga kedalaman sekitar 2 m. Hasil Ground Penetrating Radar pada Area A, B, dan C menunjukkan variasi amplitudo refleksi yang lebih tinggi pada lapisan dangkal dan cenderung homogen pada kedalaman yang lebih besar. Integrasi kedua metode menunjukkan keterkaitan spasial yang paling jelas pada Area C, dengan kesesuaian posisi zona resistivitas relatif tinggi dan amplitudo refleksi relatif tinggi yang konsisten pada kedalaman 0-2 m, sedangkan Area A menunjukkan keterkaitan terbatas dan Area B tidak menunjukkan kesesuaian spasial yang konsisten. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi metode Electrical Resistivity Tomography dan Ground Penetrating Radar merupakan pendekatan non-destruktif yang efektif dalam mengidentifikasi karakteristik bawah permukaan pada situs arkeologi, serta berpotensi menjadi referensi metodologis bagi investigasi geoarkeologi di kawasan Trowulan.
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The Umpak Sentonorejo Site is one of the archaeological sites in the Kedaton Area of Trowulan, identified as the foundation of a monumental stilt structure from the Majapahit Kingdom. Most of the archaeological structures at this site have been buried under sediment due to degradation processes and past geological disasters, making them impossible to identify completely through surface observation or conventional excavation. Previous geophysical studies in the Kedaton Sentonorejo area have not directly covered the Umpak Site and were limited in their subsurface imaging resolution at shallow depths. Therefore, this study aims to identify the subsurface characteristics of the Umpak Sentonorejo Site through the integration of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Ground Penetrating Radar as a non-destructive approach with higher spatial resolution. ERT-1 data acquisition was conducted using the Wenner-Alpha configuration on 12 survey lines with 2 m electrode spacing and 24 electrodes per line, while ERT-2 was conducted on 9 survey lines with varying electrode spacing using the same configuration. ERT data were processed using pyGIMLi to produce two-dimensional resistivity sections and depth slice visualizations. Meanwhile, Ground Penetrating Radar data acquisition was conducted across three measurement areas and processed using RGPR software to produce two-dimensional radargrams and time slice visualizations. ERT-1 results show variations in resistivity distribution both laterally and vertically, with relatively high resistivity zones developing at shallow depths of 0-2 m and a more homogeneous distribution at greater depths. ERT-2 results show a similar pattern, with relatively high resistivity zones developing in the western and northern parts of the study area to a depth of approximately 2 m. Ground Penetrating Radar results from Areas A, B, and C show higher reflection amplitude variations in shallow layers that tend to become more homogeneous at greater depths. The integration of both methods shows the clearest spatial correlation in Area C, with consistent positional agreement between relatively high resistivity zones and relatively high reflection amplitude zones at depths of 0-2 m, while Area A shows limited correlation and Area B shows no consistent spatial agreement. This study demonstrates that the integration of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Ground Penetrating Radar is an effective non-destructive approach for identifying subsurface characteristics at archaeological sites, and has the potential to serve as a methodological reference for geoarchaeological investigations in the Trowulan area.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Ground Penetrating Radar, Geofisika Arkeologi, Situs Sentonorejo, Trowulan, Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Ground Penetrating Radar, Archaeological Geophysics, Sentonorejo Site, Trowulan
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC100.5 Measuring instruments (General) Q Science > QC Physics > QC610.3 Electric conductivity Q Science > QE Geology > QE33.2.R33 Ground penetrating radar T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN269 Prospecting--Geophysical methods
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geophysics Engineering > 33201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Raihan Rizky Saputra
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2026 04:25
Last Modified:	20 Jul 2026 04:26
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135593

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