Kinerja Sistem Anaerobik-Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Dalam Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Rokok

Najwa, Naila Wahyu (2026) Kinerja Sistem Anaerobik-Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Dalam Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Rokok. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri rokok di Indonesia menghasilkan limbah cair dengan kandungan bahan organik dan senyawa fenolik yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak diolah dengan baik. Pengolahan limbah secara anaerobik merupakan salah satu metode yang efektif untuk menurunkan kandungan organik karena memanfaatkan aktivitas mikroorganisme dalam mendegradasi senyawa pencemar. Integrasi proses anaerobik dengan Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) memanfaatkan aktivitas bakteri elektroaktif untuk melakukan degradasi senyawa organik dan menghasilkan elektron yang dapat dikonversi menjadi energi listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja sistem anaerobik-Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) dalam mengolah limbah cair industri rokok melalui variasi konsentrasi Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) dan Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) serta menentukan kombinasi variabel paling efektif dalam penyisihan polutan dan produksi energi listrik. Penelitian dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dengan sistem aliran kontinyu dan kondisi anaerob pada ruang anoda. Limbah yang digunakan merupakan limbah sintesis hasil ekstraksi tembakau berperisa dengan konsentrasi yang disesuaikan agar memiliki karakteristik mendekati limbah cair industri rokok. Variasi yang digunakan adalah MLSS 2000 mg/L dan 1500 mg/L, sedangkan variasi HRT adalah 12 jam dan 8 jam. Substrat yang digunakan berasal dari lumpur IPLT Keputih yang telah melalui tahap seeding dan aklimatisasi hingga mencapai kondisi stabil. Parameter yang diamati meliputi COD, fenol, BOD, alkalinitas, ammonia, TSS, Total P, pH, warna serta parameter kelistrikan yaitu tegangan, arus dan power density. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS IBM. Hasil penilitian menunjukkan bahwa MLSS yang lebih besar dan HRT yang lebih Panjang memiliki efisiensi penyisihan polutan lebih baik. Penyisihan COD dan fenol tertinggi diperoleh pada reaktor dengan MLSS 2000 mg/L dan HRT 12 jam yaitu masing-masing sebesar 80,88% dan 74,73%. Hasil uji Tukey HSD menunjukkan bahwa seluruh reaktor perlakuan berbeda nyata dibandingkan reaktor kontrol (p<0,001) tetapi tidak berbeda nyata antar reaktor perlakuan (p>0,05). Sementara itu untuk parameter kelistrikan, reaktor sistem anaerobik-MFC menghasilkan tegangan maksimum 1,337 V, arus maksimum 1,836 mA, dan power density maksimum 739,05 mW/m². Pada sistem MFC, laju alir air limbah yang lebih tinggi dan biomassa yang lebih rendah lebih optimal dalam mendukung aktivitas elektrogenik mikroba.
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The tobacco industry in Indonesia generates wastewater with high organic matter and phenolic compounds, which has the potential to pollute the environment if it is not properly treated. Anaerobic wastewater treatment is one effective method for reducing organic content because it utilizes microbial activity to degrade pollutant compounds. The integration of an anaerobic process with a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) utilizes the activity of electroactive bacteria to degrade organic compounds and produce electrons that can be converted into electrical energy. This study aims to determine the performance of an anaerobic-Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) system in treating tobacco industry wastewater through variations in Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) concentration and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), as well as to determine the most effective combination of variables in pollutant removal and electrical energy production. The research was conducted at laboratory scale using a continuous-flow system and anaerobic conditions in the anode chamber. The wastewater used was synthetic wastewater produced from extraction of flavored tobacco with a concentration adjusted to have characteristics similar to tobacco industry wastewater. The variables used were MLSS of 2000 mg/L and 1500 mg/L, while the HRT variations were 12 hours and 8 hours. The biomass used came from Keputih IPLT sludge that had undergone seeding and acclimatization until it reached stable conditions. The parameters observed included COD, phenol, BOD, alkalinity, ammonia, TSS, Total P, pH, color, and electrical parameters, namely voltage, current, and power density. Data analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc tests using IBM SPSS software. The results showed that higher MLSS and longer HRT had better pollutant removal efficiency. The highest COD and phenol removal were obtained in the reactor with MLSS 2000 mg/L and HRT 12 hours, reaching 80.88% and 74.73%, respectively. The Tukey HSD test showed that all treatment reactors were significantly different from the control reactor (p<0.001) but not significantly different from one another (p>0.05). Meanwhile, for electrical parameters, the anaerobic-MFC system produced a maximum voltage of 1.337 V, a maximum current of 1.836 mA, and a maximum power density of 739,05 mW/m². In the MFC system, a lower biomass and HRT were more optimal in supporting microbial electroactive activity.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bioelektrokimia, Fenol, Limbah Cair Rokok, Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), Sistem Anaerobik. Anaerobic Treatment, Bioelectrochemical Systems, Cigarette Wastewater, Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), Phenol Removal.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD756.45 Anaerobic treatment
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering
Depositing User:	Naila Wahyu Najwa
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2026 08:10
Last Modified:	20 Jul 2026 08:12
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135783

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