Desain Pabrik Minyak Sitronella dari Daun Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon Winterianus Jowitt.) dengan Metode Steam Distillation

Nadiva, Citha Aura and Haidar, Khaylila Zirlyfera (2026) Desain Pabrik Minyak Sitronella dari Daun Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon Winterianus Jowitt.) dengan Metode Steam Distillation. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Minyak sitronella merupakan salah satu minyak atsiri unggulan Indonesia yang memiliki pangsa pasar besar di tingkat global. Pasar minyak atsiri dunia bernilai lebih dari 7,51 miliar USD pada tahun 2018 dan diproyeksikan tumbuh sekitar 9% per tahun. Indonesia menempati posisi strategis sebagai pemasok minyak sitronella terbesar kedua di dunia setelah Tiongkok, dengan kebutuhan global diperkirakan mencapai 2.000–2.500 ton per tahun. Senyawa utama yang paling diminati dari minyak sitronella adalah sitronelal dan geraniol yang banyak digunakan dalam industri parfum, farmasi, dan kosmetik. Produk minyak sitronella yang dipasarkan harus memenuhi standar SNI 3953-2019 dan ISO 3848:2016, khususnya kandungan sitronelal sebesar 30–90%. Pada perancangan ini, digunakan bahan baku Serai Wangi tipe Maha Pengiri (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.) dengan metode steam distillation, dilanjutkan proses vacuum distillation untuk menghasilkan produk High Purity Grade Minyak Sitronella dengan kandungan sitronelal 91%. Produk samping berupa Lemongrass Oil masih bernilai jual karena mengandung 37% geraniol. Pabrik direncanakan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2026 di Kecamatan Kutapanjang, Kabupaten Gayo Lues, Aceh, dengan kapasitas produksi 1.000 ton/tahun dan waktu operasi 24 jam selama 330 hari/tahun. Kapasitas tersebut diperkirakan mampu memenuhi 16,8% kebutuhan nasional pada tahun 2028. Kebutuhan utilitas dipenuhi dari PT PLN dan unit pengolahan air proses. Proses produksi terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu pre-treatment, ekstraksi, purifikasi, dan pengolahan limbah padat menjadi kompos sebagai upaya pengelolaan lingkungan. Total investasi pabrik sebesar Rp Rp 1.912.462.432.524 dengan komposisi 40% modal sendiri dan 60% pinjaman bank. Hasil analisa ekonomi menunjukkan nilai CAPEX sebesar Rp 1.496.108.227.868 dan OPEX sebesar Rp 1.404.435.417.039 per tahun, dengan total pemasukan tahunan sebesar Rp2.628.980.702.962. Dengan estimasi umur pabrik 10 tahun dan target pengembalian modal 5 tahun, diperoleh nilai NPV positif sebesar Rp3.228.517.225.164, IRR sebesar 39,23% dan POT selama 4 tahun 10 bulan. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pabrik layak untuk didirikan dan dikembangkan. Selain itu, pendirian pabrik ini diharapkan memberikan dampak sosial positif melalui penyerapan tenaga kerja serta pengelolaan limbah cair dan padat sesuai dengan standar baku mutu dan peraturan pemerintah setempat.
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Citronella oil is one of Indonesia's leading essential oils, with a large global market share. The global essential oil market was valued at more than USD 7.51 billion in 2018 and is projected to grow by around 9% per year. Indonesia occupies a strategic position as the world's second largest supplier of citronella oil after China, with global demand estimated at 2,000–2,500 tonnes per year. The most sought-after compounds in citronella oil are citronellal and geraniol, which are widely used in the perfume, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Citronella oil products on the market must meet the SNI 3953-2019 and ISO 3848:2016 standards, specifically a citronellal content of 30–90%. In this design, Maha Pengiri type lemongrass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.) is used as raw material with the steam distillation method, followed by a vacuum distillation process to produce High Purity Grade Citronella Oil with a citronellal content of 91%. The by-product, Lemongrass Oil, still has commercial value as it contains 37% geraniol. The factory is planned to start operating in 2026 in Kutapanjang District, Gayo Lues Regency, Aceh, with a production capacity of 1,000 tonnes/year and operating 24 hours a day for 330 days/year. This capacity is estimated to be able to meet 16.8% of national demand in 2028. Utility needs are met by PT PLN and a process water treatment unit. The production process consists of four stages, namely pre-treatment, extraction, purification, and processing of solid waste into compost as an environmental management effort. The total investment of the factory is Rp 1,912,462,432,524 with a composition of 40% equity and 60% bank loans. The results of the economic analysis show a CAPEX value of Rp 1,496,108,227,868 and OPEX of Rp 1,404,435,417,039 per year, with a total annual income of Rp 2,628,980,702,962. With an estimated factory life of 10 years and a return on investment target of 5 years, a positive NPV value of Rp 3,228,517,225,164, an IRR of 39.23% and a POT of 4 years and 10 months is obtained. These results indicate that the factory is feasible to establish and develop. Additionally, the establishment of this factory is expected to have a positive social impact through employment generation and the management of liquid and solid waste in accordance with quality standards and local government regulations.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Citronellal, Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., Vacuum Distillation, Lemongrass Oil
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Citha Aura Nadiva
Date Deposited:	21 Jul 2026 02:15
Last Modified:	21 Jul 2026 02:15
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135881

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