Kajian Respon Morfologi dan Anatomi Tanaman Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) Var. Madiun 1 Terhadap Cekaman Aluminium Klorida (AlCl₃)

Ramadhani, Aisyah Putri (2026) Kajian Respon Morfologi dan Anatomi Tanaman Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) Var. Madiun 1 Terhadap Cekaman Aluminium Klorida (AlCl₃). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Tanaman porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) merupakan komoditas umbi bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang kaya glukomanan serta berpotensi sebagai bahan baku industri pangan, farmasi, dan kosmetik. Permintaan yang meningkat mendorong perluasan budidaya porang ke berbagai jenis lahan, termasuk lahan masam yang banyak dijumpai di Indonesia. Pada kondisi tersebut, kelarutan ion aluminium (Al³⁺) meningkat dan menjadi faktor pembatas utama karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan akar, penyerapan hara, serta proses fisiologis tanaman. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman mengenai respons tanaman porang terhadap cekaman aluminium menjadi penting sebagai dasar pengelolaan lahan masam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon morfologi dan anatomi tanaman porang varietas Madiun 1 terhadap cekaman aluminium klorida (AlCl₃). Perlakuan terdiri dari empat konsentrasi AlCl₃ (0, 5, 10, dan 20 ppm) dengan lima ulangan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Parameter morfologi meliputi tinggi tanaman, panjang akar, luas daun, berat segar umbi, dan diameter umbi; sedangkan parameter anatomi meliputi kerapatan stomata, persentase stomata terbuka, ketebalan epidermis akar, ketebalan korteks akar, diameter berkas pembuluh akar, kerapatan idioblas glukomanan, dan morfologi kristal kalsium oksalat. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah (α = 0,05) dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman AlCl₃ lebih memengaruhi pertumbuhan tajuk dibandingkan pertumbuhan akar dan umbi yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan tinggi tanaman dan luas daun, dengan nilai terendah masing-masing pada perlakuan 20 ppm, sedangkan panjang akar, berat umbi, dan diameter umbi tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Respon anatomi ditunjukkan oleh meningkatnya persentase stomata menutup dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan 20 ppm, serta menurunnya persentase stomata membuka dan diameter berkas pembuluh akar dengan nilai terendah pada perlakuan 20 ppm. Ketebalan korteks akar menunjukkan respon yang berbeda nyata antar perlakuan dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan 10 ppm, sedangkan kerapatan idioblas glukomanan tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan 5 ppm. Kristal kalsium oksalat bertipe rafida, stiloid, dan drusa ditemukan pada seluruh perlakuan. Kerapatan stomata dan ketebalan epidermis akar tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Secara umum, tanaman porang varietas Madiun 1 masih mampu mempertahankan pertumbuhan akar dan umbi pada cekaman AlCl₃ hingga konsentrasi 20 ppm meskipun mengalami perubahan pada beberapa karakter morfologi dan anatomi.
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Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a tuber crop with high economic value due to its high glucomannan content and its potential as a raw material for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The increasing demand for porang has encouraged the expansion of its cultivation into various land types, including acidic soils that are widely distributed in Indonesia. Under acidic conditions, the solubility of aluminum ions (Al³⁺) increases, becoming a major limiting factor by inhibiting root growth, nutrient uptake, and various physiological processes. Therefore, understanding the response of porang to aluminum stress is essential for the management of acidic soils. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and anatomical responses of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume var. Madiun 1 to aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) stress. Four AlCl₃ concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 ppm) were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications. Morphological parameters included plant height, root length, leaf area, fresh tuber weight, and tuber diameter, whereas anatomical parameters included stomatal density, percentage of open stomata, root epidermal thickness, root cortical thickness, root vascular bundle diameter, glucomannan idioblast density, and calcium oxalate crystal morphology. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) followed by Tukey's HSD test. The results showed that AlCl₃ stress affected shoot growth more than root and tuber growth, as indicated by the lowest plant height and leaf area at 20 ppm AlCl₃, whereas root length, fresh tuber weight, and tuber diameter were not significantly affected by the treatments. Anatomically, the percentage of closed stomata increased and reached its highest value at 20 ppm AlCl₃, while the percentage of open stomata and root vascular bundle diameter decreased, with the lowest values observed at 20 ppm AlCl₃. Root cortical thickness differed significantly among treatments, reaching its highest value at 10 ppm AlCl₃, whereas the highest glucomannan idioblast density was observed at 5 ppm AlCl₃. Raphide, styloid, and druse calcium oxalate crystals were detected in all treatments. Stomatal density and root epidermal thickness were not significantly affected by AlCl₃ treatment. Overall, A. muelleri var. Madiun 1 was able to maintain root and tuber growth under AlCl₃ stress up to a concentration of 20 ppm despite exhibiting changes in several morphological and anatomical characteristics.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kata kunci: Aluminium klorida, Amorphophallus muelleri, Anatomi, Cekaman abiotik, Morfologi. Keywords: Abiotic stress, Aluminum chloride, Amorphophallus muelleri, Anatomy, Morphology.
Subjects:	Q Science > QK Botany > QK710 Plant physiology Q Science > QK Botany > QK731 Growth (Plants)
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Aisyah Putri Ramadhani
Date Deposited:	21 Jul 2026 03:27
Last Modified:	21 Jul 2026 03:27
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135934

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