Analisis Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Dan Potensi Nilai Ekonomi Karbon Pada PLTA Cirata

Natanya, Aysha Prita (2026) Analisis Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Dan Potensi Nilai Ekonomi Karbon Pada PLTA Cirata. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penerapan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 110 Tahun 2025 mengenai instrumen mekanisme Nilai Ekonomi Karbon (NEK) dan pengendalian emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) menuntut tersedianya data emisi GRK yang terukur dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan pada berbagai sektor, termasuk sektor energi. Meskipun dikenal sebagai pembangkit rendah emisi, operasional Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) berbasis waduk tetap berpotensi menghasilkan emisi GRK dari aktivitas operasional maupun proses alami waduk. Namun, inventarisasi emisi GRK yang mencakup seluruh sumber emisi operasional berdasarkan kategori Scope 1, Scope 2, dan Scope 3 pada PLTA Cirata belum dilakukan secara komprehensif sehingga besaran kontribusi masing-masing sumber emisi belum diketahui secara pasti. Maka dari itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis serta menghitung emisi gas rumah kaca dari operasional PLTA Cirata berdasarkan kategori Scope 1, Scope 2, dan Scope 3 serta mengkaji potensi pengurangan emisi dan NEK yang dapat dihasilkan. Penelitian ini diawali dengan identifikasi seluruh aktivitas operasional PLTA Cirata yang berpotensi menghasilkan emisi GRK. Perhitungan emisi dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan data aktivitas dan faktor emisi yang mengacu pada pedoman Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 Guidelines. Untuk emisi dari waduk dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan IPCC 2019 Refinement Chapter 7 : Wetlands sedangkan emisi operasional lainnya dihitung berdasarkan data aktivitas dan faktor emisi yang relevan. Analisis potensi pengurangan emisi dan NEK mengacu pada pedoman ACM0002 : Large-scale Consolidated Methodology for Grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources melalui perhitungan emisi baseline dan emisi proyek untuk memperoleh besaran emisi yang dihindari. Selanjutnya, potensi NEK dihitung berdasarkan besaran emisi yang dihindari dan harga karbon yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sumber emisi GRK Scope 1 mencakup pembakaran sumber tidak bergerak dari genset, pembakaran sumber bergerak dari kendaraan operasional, emisi fugitif dari APAR dan AC, serta emisi dari waduk Cirata. Untuk sumber Scope 2 berasal dari konsumsi energi listrik impor dan Scope 3 berasal dari kategori Purchased good and services, Waste generated in operations, dan Business travel. Besaran total emisi gas rumah kaca aktual dari operasional PLTA pada tahun 2025 sebesar 145.956,60 ton CO2eq, yang terdiri atas Scope 1 sebesar 141.423,55 ton CO2eq, Scope 2 sebesar 4.481,91 ton CO2eq, dan Scope 3 sebesar 51,14 ton CO2eq. Kontribusi emisi terbesar berasal dari emisi lahan tergenang Waduk Cirata sebesar 141.002,14 ton CO2eq atau sekitar 96,61% dari total emisi tahun 2025. Berdasarkan produksi energi listrik sebesar 1.589.495,28 MWh diperoleh nilai avoided emission sebesar 1.382.860,89 ton CO2eq. Dengan menggunakan harga karbon IDTBS-RE sebesar Rp78.000,00/ton CO2eq, potensi Nilai Ekonomi Karbon yang diperoleh mencapai Rp107.863.149.420 pada tahun 2025.
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The implementation of Presidential Regulation No. 110 of 2025 concerning Carbon Economic Value mechanisms and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission control requires the availability of measurable and reliable GHG emission data across various sectors, including the energy sector. Although hydropower plants are generally considered low emission power generation systems, reservoir based hydropower plants may still produce GHG emissions from operational activities as well as natural processes occurring within the reservoir. However, a comprehensive GHG emission inventory covering Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emission sources has not yet been conducted for the Cirata Hydroelectric Power Plant. As a result, the contribution of each emission source remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aims to quantify GHG emissions from the operation of the Cirata Hydroelectric Power Plant based on Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 categories, as well as to assess the potential for emission reductions and Carbon Economic Value. The study began with the identification of operational activities that potentially generate GHG emissions. Emissions were calculated using activity data and emission factors in accordance with the IPCC 2006 Guidelines. Reservoir emissions were estimated using the IPCC 2019 Refinement, Chapter 7: Wetlands, while other operational emissions were calculated using relevant activity data and emission factors. The assessment of emission reduction potential and Carbon Economic Value was conducted using ACM0002: Large-scale Consolidated Methodology for Grid-connected Electricity Generation from Renewable Sources by comparing baseline emissions and project emissions to determine avoided emission. Finally, the potential Carbon Economic Value was estimated based on the amount of avoided emission and the applicable carbon price. The results showed that the Scope 1 (GHG) emission sources consisted of stationary combustion from diesel generators, mobile combustion from operational vehicles, fugitive emissions from fire extinguishers and air conditioning, and reservoir emissions from the Cirata Reservoir. Scope 2 emissions from imported electricity consumption, and Scope 3 emissions were derived from the categories of Purchased Goods and Services, Waste Generated in Operations, and Business Travel. The total actual GHG emissions from PLTA Cirata operations in 2025 amounted to 145,956.60 ton CO2eq, comprising 141,423.55 ton CO2eq from Scope 1, 4,481.91 ton CO2eq from Scope 2, and 51.14 ton CO2eq from Scope 3. The largest contribution was attributed from the Cirata Reservoir, that have 141,002.14 ton CO2eq or 96.61% of the total emissions. Based on an electricity generation of 1,589,495.28 MWh, avoided emission reached 1,382,860.89 ton CO2eq. Using the IDTBS-RE carbon price of IDR 78,000.00/ton CO2eq, the potential Carbon Economic Value was estimated IDR 107,863,149,420.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Emisi GRK, Inventarisasi Emisi, IPCC, Nilai Ekonomi Karbon, PLTA, Carbon Economic Value, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Hydropower Plant, IPCC
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Aysha Prita Natanya
Date Deposited:	21 Jul 2026 09:18
Last Modified:	21 Jul 2026 09:18
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135960

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