Pengaruh Variasi Somaklonal Dan Seleksi Kekeringan Secara In Vitro Untuk Peningkatan Ketahanan Kalus Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

Aliya, Rahmatul Karimah (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Somaklonal Dan Seleksi Kekeringan Secara In Vitro Untuk Peningkatan Ketahanan Kalus Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Tanaman rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) merupakan tanaman aromatik dari famili Lamiaceae yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam industri kosmetik, farmasi, dan pangan karena kandungan metabolit sekundernya seperti 1,8-cineole, camphor, dan α-pinene. Namun, dalam pengembangannya tanaman rosemary terbatas pada kondisi area pertumbuhan, dimana tanaman ini dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada rata-rata suhu 20 hingga 25°C. Produktivitas rosemary dapat mengalami penurunan apabila dibudidayakan pada lingkungan tumbuh yang lebih panas dan kering seperti Surabaya dengan suhu mencapai 35,3°C. Upaya mengatasi tantangan ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan bioteknologi tanaman, salah satunya dengan induksi variasi somaklonal dan seleksi in vitro untuk memperoleh kalus yang toleran terhadap kondisi kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kalus rosemary yang menunjukkan ketahanan terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan mengetahui respon regenerasi kalus pascacekaman. Kalus rosemary diinduksi pada media MS dengan penambahan ZPT berupa 2,4 D konsentrasi 1 ppm, kemudian di seleksi secara in vitro menggunakan media cekaman PEG 6000 dengan konsentrasi 0%, 5%, 10%, dan 20%. Kalus yang bertahan setelah seleksi in vitro ditumbuhkan pada media regenerasi. Media regenerasi yang digunakan adalah media MS dengan penambahan ZPT berupa 2,5 mg L⁻¹ BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine) dan 0,5 mg L⁻¹ 2,4 D (Asam 2,4-Diklorofenoksiasetat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kalus rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) terbukti mampu bertahan hidup hingga perlakuan PEG 6000 konsentrasi 20% dengan persentase hidup sebesar 100%, laju pertumbuhan 2,1±0,4%, pertambahan massa 122,5±29,0 mg, pertambahan diameter 2,9±0,2 mm, dan pertambahan luas 102,3±37,6 mm². Selain itu, kalus pascacekaman PEG masih mampu beregenerasi dengan persentase hidup 100% dan jumlah green spots sebesar 7,3.
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Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an aromatic plant from the Lamiaceae family that is widely used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to its secondary metabolite content such as 1,8-cineole, camphor, and α-pinene. However, its development is limited to the conditions of the growing area, where this plant can grow well at an average temperature of 20 to 25°C. Rosemary productivity can decrease if cultivated in hotter and drier growing environments such as Surabaya with temperatures reaching 35.3°C. Efforts to overcome this challenge are carried out through a plant biotechnology approach, one of which is a combination of somaclonal variations and in vitro selection to obtain callus that is tolerant to drought conditions. The aim of this study was to obtain rosemary callus exhibiting tolerance to drought stress and to investigate the callus’s regenerative response following stress. Rosemary callus was induced on MS medium supplemented with the plant growth regulator 2,4-D at a concentration of 1 ppm, and subsequently selected in vitro using PEG 6000 stress medium at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10% and 20%. Callus that survived the in vitro selection was grown on regeneration medium. The regeneration medium used was MS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators comprising 2.5 mg L⁻¹ BAP (benzylamino purine) and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The results of the study show that rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) callus was found to survive treatment with 20% PEG 6000, with a survival rate of 100%, a growth rate of 2.1±0.4%, an increase in mass of 122.5±29.0 mg, an increase in diameter of 2.9±0.2 mm, and an increase in area of 102.3±37.6 mm². Furthermore, the PEG-stressed callus was still capable of regenerating, with a survival rate of 100% and a total of 7.3 green spots.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Cekaman Kekeringan, Kalus, Rosemary, Seleksi In Vitro Drought Stress, Callus, Rosemary, In Vitro Selection
Subjects:	Q Science > QK Botany
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rahmatul Karimah Aliya
Date Deposited:	21 Jul 2026 02:56
Last Modified:	21 Jul 2026 02:56
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136015

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