Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Dan Waktu Alkalinasi NaOH Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene Sebagai Kandidat Material Biomedis

Pratama, Tata Bayu (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Dan Waktu Alkalinasi NaOH Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene Sebagai Kandidat Material Biomedis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene merupakan material dua dimensi berstruktur lamelar yang memiliki potensi sebagai kandidat material biomedis. Namun, rute sintesis berbasis fluorida menyisakan residu unsur fluorin (-F) pada permukaan material yang dapat memicu sifat sitotoksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi konsentrasi NaOH (0,1; 0,5; dan 1 M) serta waktu alkalinisasi (30, 60, dan 90 menit) terhadap struktur kristal, morfologi, komposisi unsur, karakter vibrasi, dan viabilitas sel osteoblas sebagai indikator sitokompatibilitas awal Ti₃C₂Tₓ secara in vitro. Material disintesis melalui metode Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination (MILD) menggunakan etchant LiF/HCl, dialkalinisasi, kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan pengujian XRD, SEM-EDX, spektroskopi Raman, dan MTT Assay terhadap kultur sel osteoblas. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan alkalinisasi mampu melebarkan jarak antarlapis (d-spacing) bidang (002) dari 1,4569 nm menjadi maksimal 1,5184 nm pada perlakuan 0,5 M selama 90 menit, yang divalidasi oleh terbukanya celah antar tumpukan pada morfologi SEM. Selain itu, kandungan unsur F hasil EDX menurun dari 24,02 At% pada MXene tanpa perlakuan menjadi 1,54 At% pada perlakuan 0,1 M selama 90 menit. Spektrum Raman menunjukkan adanya perbedaan karakter vibrasi antar sampel. Perubahan fisikokimia ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap respons biologis seluler. Hasil pengujian MTT Assay menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel bersifat non sitotoksik. Seluruh sampel menunjukkan viabilitas rata-rata di atas 70%, dengan nilai 74,45% pada MXene tanpa perlakuan dan nilai tertinggi sebesar 87,21% pada perlakuan 0,1 M selama 90 menit. Peningkatan viabilitas setelah alkalinisasi berlangsung bersamaan dengan perubahan komposisi unsur, struktur antarlapis, dan morfologi material, tetapi kecenderungan tersebut tidak selalu linier terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi dan waktu perlakuan. Dengan demikian, alkalinisasi NaOH memengaruhi karakteristik fisikokimia dan respons viabilitas sel Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene. Hasil tersebut mendukung evaluasi awal Ti₃C₂Tₓ sebagai kandidat material biomedis, tetapi belum merepresentasikan pembuktian biokompatibilitas secara menyeluruh.
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Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene is a two-dimensional material with a lamellar structure that shows potential as a candidate for biomedical applications. However, the fluoride-based synthesis route leaves residual fluorine (-F) on the material’s surface, which can induce cytotoxic properties. This study aims to analyze the effects of varying NaOH concentrations (0.1; 0.5; and 1 M) and alkalization time (30, 60, and 90 minutes) on the crystal structure, morphology, elemental composition, vibrational characteristics, and osteoblast cell viability as an indicator of the initial in vitro biocompatibility of Ti₃C₂Tₓ. The material was synthesized via the Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination (MILD) method using a LiF/HCl etchant, alkalinized, and then characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, Raman spectroscopy, and the MTT assay on osteoblast cell cultures. The characterization results showed that the alkalinization treatment increased the interlayer spacing (d-spacing) of the (002) plane from 1.4569 nm to a maximum of 1.5184 nm under a 0.5 M treatment for 90 minutes, which was validated by the opening of gaps between the layers in the SEM morphology. In addition, the F content as determined by EDX decreased from 24.02 At% in untreated MXene to 1.54 At% after treatment with 0.1 M solution for 90 minutes. The Raman spectra revealed differences in the vibrational characteristics among the samples. These physicochemical changes have a positive impact on cellular biological responses. The results of the MTT assay showed that all samples were non-cytotoxic. All samples exhibited an average viability of over 70%, with a value of 74.45% for untreated MXene and a maximum value of 87.21% for the 0.1 M treatment lasting 90 minutes. The increase in viability following alkalization occurred in tandem with changes in elemental composition, interlayer structure, and material morphology; however, this trend was not always linear with respect to increasing concentration and treatment time. Thus, NaOH alkalization affects the physicochemical characteristics and cell viability response of Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene. These results support the preliminary evaluation of Ti₃C₂Tₓ as a candidate biomedical material, but do not yet constitute comprehensive proof of biocompatibility.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ti₃C₂Tx MXene, Alkalinasi NaOH, Karakteristik Fisikokimia, Material Biomedis.
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology > QH541.15.T68 Toxicity testing T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Tata Bayu Pratama
Date Deposited:	21 Jul 2026 10:15
Last Modified:	21 Jul 2026 10:15
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136101

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