Rusman, Muhammad Brilliant Sapta Indra (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Metode Treatment – Assisted Microwave Dan Waktu Delignifikasi Terhadap Karakteristik Dan Tingkat Kemurnian Selulosa Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan salah satu limbah biomassa lignoselulosa yang memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai sumber bahan baku selulosa, namun tingginya kandungan lignin dan hemiselulosa memerlukan proses delignifikasi yang efektif untuk memperoleh selulosa dengan kemurnian tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi metode dan waktu delignifikasi terhadap kemurnian serta karakteristik selulosa hasil ekstraksi TKKS. Metode yang digunakan meliputi Microwave Assisted – Hot Water Treatment (MW-HT) dan Alkali Treatment-assisted Microwave (MW-AM) pada daya 450 W dengan variasi waktu 3, 5, dan 7 menit, menggunakan metode alkali treatment konvensional (CC-60) sebagai pembanding. Seluruh sampel selanjutnya mengalami proses bleaching menggunakan H₂O₂ 10% dan dikarakterisasi melalui analisis komposisi kimia, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, dan TGA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan waktu delignifikasi hingga 5 menit meningkatkan kemurnian selulosa, sedangkan waktu 7 menit menyebabkan penurunan akibat overtreatment. Metode MW-AM selama 5 menit menghasilkan performa terbaik dengan kandungan selulosa 78,82 wt%, penghilangan hemiselulosa dan lignin masing-masing 73,61 wt% dan 67,96 wt%, serta kristalinitas tertinggi 58,82%. Hasil FTIR, SEM, XRD, DSC, dan TGA mengonfirmasi peningkatan kemurnian, defibrilasi serat, kristalinitas, dan stabilitas termal selulosa. Dengan demikian, Alkali Treatment-assisted Microwave selama 5 menit merupakan kondisi delignifikasi optimum untuk menghasilkan selulosa TKKS dengan kemurnian tinggi.
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Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are one of the most abundant lignocellulosic biomass residues and have significant potential as a sustainable source of cellulose feedstock. However, their high lignin and hemicellulose contents require an effective delignification process to obtain high-purity cellulose. This study aimed to investigate the effects of delignification method and treatment time on the purity and characteristics of cellulose extracted from OPEFB. The methods employed were Microwave Assisted – Hot Water Treatment (MW-HT) and Alkali Treatment-assisted Microwave (MW-AM) at a microwave power of 450 W with treatment times of 3, 5, and 7 minutes, while the conventional alkali treatment (CC-60) was used as a comparison. All samples were subsequently bleached using 10% H₂O₂ and characterized through chemical composition analysis, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA. The results showed that increasing the delignification time to 5 minutes improved cellulose purity, whereas extending the treatment to 7 minutes resulted in a decrease due to overtreatment. The MW-AM method with a 5-minute treatment exhibited the best performance, producing a cellulose content of 78.82 wt%, with 73.61 wt% hemicellulose removal, 67.96 wt% lignin removal, and the highest crystallinity index of 58.82%. FTIR, SEM, XRD, DSC, and TGA analyses confirmed improvements in cellulose purity, fiber defibrillation, crystallinity, and thermal stability. Therefore, the Alkali Treatment-assisted Microwave method with a 5-minute treatment was identified as the optimum delignification condition for producing high-purity cellulose from OPEFB.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Alkali assisted microwave, Delignifikasi, Hot water - assisted Microwave, Selulosa, Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). =================================================================================================================================================== Alkali Treatment-assisted Microwave, Cellulose, Delignification, Hot water-assisted Microwave, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB). |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK3030 Electric power distribution systems T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Muhammad Brilliant Sapta Indra Rusman |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2026 05:55 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2026 05:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136205 |
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