Prayoga, Rahmat Kun Arif Nur Ihsan (2026) Peningkatan Kemampuan Adsorpsi Arang Komersial Berbahan Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap Emisi Gas Co Dan Hc Kendaraan Bermotor Melalui Aktivasi Kimia Menggunakan H₃PO₄ Dan KOH. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 5014221023-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
5014221023-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (9MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Pencemaran udara dari emisi kendaraan bermotor, khususnya gas CO dan HC, masih menjadi masalah utama di perkotaan karena berdampak pada kualitas udara dan kesehatan. Arang komersial berbahan baku tempurung kelapa memiliki potensi sebagai adsorben untuk menurunkan konsentrasi polutan gas buang, namun kapasitas adsorpsinya dapat ditingkatkan melalui proses aktivasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja adsorpsi arang komersial yang diaktivasi menggunakan H₃PO₄ dan KOH terhadap emisi CO dan HC kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen kuantitatif menggunakan sistem adsorpsi kontinu kolom fixed-bed. Variasi perlakuan terdiri atas empat metode aktivasi, yaitu tanpa aktivasi (H0K0), aktivasi menggunakan larutan H₃PO₄ 1 M (H1K0), aktivasi menggunakan larutan KOH 1 M (H0K1), serta aktivasi kombinasi H₃PO₄ 1 M yang dilanjutkan dengan KOH 1 M (H1K1). Proses aktivasi dilakukan melalui perendaman arang komersial dengan rasio arang terhadap larutan 1:3 (b/v) selama 24 jam, diikuti aktivasi termal pada suhu 500°C selama 1 jam. Selanjutnya, arang aktif dibentuk menjadi granul (G) dan briket (B) untuk diuji pada emisi gas buang sepeda motor 4-tak berbahan bakar bensin menggunakan sistem kolom fixed-bed. Konsentrasi gas CO dan HC diukur sebelum dan sesudah adsorpsi menggunakan gas analyzer untuk menentukan efisiensi penyisihan, kurva breakthrough, dan kapasitas adsorpsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi kimia dan bentuk adsorben menghasilkan perbedaan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi terhadap emisi gas CO dan HC. Pada adsorpsi CO, kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi diperoleh pada sampel H1K1G sebesar 159,58 mg/g, sedangkan pada adsorpsi HC nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada sampel H1K0G sebesar 5,93 mg/g. Berdasarkan bentuk adsorben, arang aktif berbentuk granul menunjukkan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan briket pada seluruh variasi aktivasi. Efisiensi penyisihan tertinggi teramati pada menit pertama, kemudian menurun hingga mendekati nol pada menit ke-7 sampai ke-10 seiring bertambahnya waktu kontak dan kejenuhan adsorben. Efisiensi penyisihan maksimum diperoleh pada sampel H1K1G, yaitu sebesar 52,25% untuk CO dan 62,29% untuk HC.
===================================================================================================================================
Air pollution from motor vehicle emissions, particularly carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC), remains a major environmental issue in urban areas due to its adverse effects on air quality and human health. Commercial coconut shell charcoal has the potential to serve as an adsorbent for reducing exhaust gas pollutants; however, its adsorption capacity can be further enhanced through chemical activation. This study aimed to evaluate the adsorption performance of commercial charcoal activated with H₃PO₄ and KOH for the removal of CO and HC from motorcycle exhaust emissions. This study employed a quantitative experimental approach using a continuous fixed-bed adsorption column. Four activation treatments were investigated: non-activated charcoal (H0K0), activation with 1 M H₃PO₄ (H1K0), activation with 1 M KOH (H0K1), and sequential activation using 1 M H₃PO₄ followed by 1 M KOH (H1K1). The activation process was carried out by impregnating commercial charcoal in the activating solution at a charcoal-to-solution ratio of 1:3 (w/v) for 24 h, followed by thermal activation at 500°C for 1 h. The activated charcoal was subsequently prepared in granular (G) and briquette (B) forms and tested for the treatment of exhaust emissions from a four-stroke gasoline motorcycle using a fixed-bed column system. CO and HC concentrations were measured before and after adsorption using a gas analyzer to determine removal efficiency, breakthrough curves, and adsorption capacity. The results demonstrated differences in the adsorption performance of CO and HC among the activation methods and adsorbent forms. The highest CO adsorption capacity was achieved by H1K1G, reaching 159.58 mg g⁻¹, whereas the highest HC adsorption capacity was obtained by H1K0G at 5.93 mg g⁻¹. Overall, granular adsorbents exhibited higher adsorption capacities and removal efficiencies than briquette adsorbents. The maximum removal efficiencies were obtained with H1K1G, reaching 52.25% for CO and 62.29% for HC, while the highest removal efficiencies among briquette adsorbents were achieved by H1K1B, with 41.34% for CO and 38.20% for HC.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Arang Aktif, Tempurung Kelapa, Adsorpsi, Emisi Gas Buang, Aktivasi Kimia, H₃PO₄, KOH, Activated Charcoal, Coconut Shell Charcoal, Adsorption, Motorcycle Exhaust Emissions, Chemical Activation, H₃PO₄, KOH |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics > QC162 Adsorption and absorption Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD547 Flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, etc. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Rahmat Kun Arif Nur Ihsan Prayoga |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2026 06:38 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2026 06:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136249 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |