Application Of Mof Photocatalyst For Degradation Of Doxycycline

Levandro, Abel Alrafi (2026) Application Of Mof Photocatalyst For Degradation Of Doxycycline. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Antibiotic residues such as doxycycline are difficult to completely remove through conventional wastewater treatment. In Indonesia, direct wastewater data for doxycycline remain limited, but pharmaceutical wastewater monitoring in Semarang detected the tetracycline-class antibiotic oxytetracycline at 3.887 and 3.147 mg/L in two effluents. These findings indicate that tetracycline-class antibiotic residues remain relevant in Indonesian pharmaceutical wastewater and may not be adequately represented by monitoring based only on conventional water-quality parameters. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize Co/UiO-66 NH₂/g-C₃N₄ and evaluate its performance for doxycycline degradation through UV-A LED assisted PMS activation. The catalyst was prepared through g-C3N4 synthesis from urea, UiO-66-NH2 synthesis using ZrCl4 and NH2-BDC, cobalt modification using cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, and composite formation with g-C3N4. The degradation experiment was conducted in a 1 L batch reactor using 10 mg/L doxycycline solution. After 30 minutes of dark equilibrium, 100 mg of potassium monopersulfate triple salt, referred to as PMS, was added to each 1 L treatment run. The experiment used a one-factor-at-a-time design by varying catalyst dosage at 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg/L under unadjusted pH, followed by pH variation at pH 3, 5, 7, and 9. The reactor was irradiated using UV-A LED at 365 nm, and doxycycline concentration was measured using UV–Vis spectrophotometry at 346 nm. The results showed that Co/UiO-66-NH₂/g-C₃N₄ enhanced doxycycline degradation compared with the UV-A/PMS baseline without catalyst. The 0 mg/L catalyst condition reached 55.80% removal after 60 minutes, while 100 mg/L catalyst achieved the highest removal of 90.82%. The 50 mg/L catalyst dosage also showed high removal of 89.41%, indicating a more efficient alternative with lower catalyst use. In the pH variation, pH 7 gave the highest adjusted-pH removal of 89.94%. However, the unadjusted pH condition, approximately at 6.8, remained practically favorable because it achieved comparable high removal without additional pH adjustment. Overall, doxycycline removal was attributed to the combined contribution of adsorption, UV-A-assisted photocatalysis, and PMS activation.
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Residu antibiotik seperti doksisiklin sulit dihilangkan secara sempurna melalui pengolahan air limbah konvensional. Di Indonesia, data doksisiklin dalam air limbah masih terbatas, tetapi pemantauan efluen industri farmasi di Semarang mendeteksi oksitetrasiklin sebesar 3,887 dan 3,147 mg/L. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa residu antibiotik golongan tetrasiklin masih relevan dan belum tentu terwakili melalui pemantauan parameter kualitas air konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis Co/UiO-66-NH₂/g-C₃N₄ dan mengevaluasi kinerjanya dalam degradasi doksisiklin melalui aktivasi PMS berbantuan LED UV-A. Katalis disiapkan melalui sintesis g-C₃N₄ dari urea, sintesis UiO-66-NH₂ menggunakan ZrCl₄ dan NH₂-BDC, modifikasi kobalt menggunakan kobalt nitrat heksahidrat, serta pembentukan komposit dengan g-C₃N₄. Eksperimen dilakukan dalam reaktor batch 1 L menggunakan larutan doksisiklin 10 mg/L. Setelah 30 menit kesetimbangan gelap, 100 mg potassium monopersulfate triple salt (PMS) ditambahkan. Dosis katalis divariasikan sebesar 0, 10, 20, 50, dan 100 mg/L pada pH tanpa penyesuaian, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan variasi pH 3, 5, 7, dan 9. Reaktor diiradiasi menggunakan LED UV-A 365 nm, sedangkan konsentrasi doksisiklin diukur menggunakan spektrofotometri UV–Vis pada 346 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Co/UiO-66-NH₂/g-C₃N₄ meningkatkan degradasi doksisiklin dibandingkan sistem UV-A/PMS tanpa katalis. Kondisi 0 mg/L katalis menghasilkan penyisihan 55,80% setelah 60 menit, sedangkan dosis 100 mg/L menghasilkan penyisihan tertinggi sebesar 90,82%. Dosis 50 mg/L juga menghasilkan penyisihan tinggi sebesar 89,41%, sehingga lebih efisien dalam penggunaan katalis. Pada variasi pH, pH 7 menghasilkan penyisihan tertinggi sebesar 89,94%. Namun, pH tanpa penyesuaian sekitar 6,8 tetap lebih praktis karena menghasilkan penyisihan yang sebanding tanpa penambahan bahan kimia. Secara keseluruhan, penyisihan doksisiklin dipengaruhi oleh adsorpsi, fotokatalisis berbantuan UV-A, dan aktivasi PMS.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Co/UiO-66-NH2/g-C3N4, doxycycline degradation, photocatalysis, PMS activation, UV-A LED. aktivasi PMS, Co/UiO-66-NH2/g-C3N4, degradasi doksisiklin, fotokatalisis, LED UV-A.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD430 Water--Purification.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Abel Alrafi Levandro Levandro
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 07:01
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 07:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136286

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