Arrafi, Fariz Rifqi Naufal (2026) Optimalisasi Aliran Daya Sistem Tenaga Listrik Multi Area Terintegrasi Energi Terbarukan Dan Penyimpanan Energi Dengan Mempertimbangkan Regulasi Pajak Dan Perdagangan Karbon. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Emisi karbon dari pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar fosil menjadi salah satu tantangan utama dalam operasi sistem tenaga listrik modern. Upaya pengurangan emisi dapat dilakukan melalui integrasi Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), serta penerapan regulasi ekonomi karbon berupa carbon tax dan carbon trading. Namun, integrasi energi terbarukan memiliki tantangan berupa sifat intermiten yang dapat memengaruhi keseimbangan suplai–beban dan kualitas daya, sehingga diperlukan sistem penyimpanan energi untuk menjaga keandalan operasi sistem. Penelitian ini membahas optimalisasi aliran daya sistem tenaga listrik multi-area terintegrasi energi terbarukan dan penyimpanan energi dengan mempertimbangkan biaya operasi, emisi karbon, rugi daya, serta mekanisme pajak dan perdagangan karbon. Sistem yang digunakan adalah IEEE 14 Bus multi-area yang telah dimodifikasi dengan penambahan pembangkit konvensional, RES, dan BESS. Metode yang digunakan adalah Multi-Objective Mixed Integer Quadratic Constrained Programming (MOMIQCP) dalam kerangka Multi-Objective Dynamic Optimal Power Flow (MODOPF). Penyelesaian fungsi objektif jamak dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan Pareto optimal solution dan fuzzy satisfaction-maximizing untuk memperoleh solusi kompromi terbaik dari total biaya, total emisi, dan total rugi daya.Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan penetrasi RES dan BESS mampu menurunkan biaya operasi, emisi karbon, dan biaya rugi daya sistem. Pada kondisi basecase, total biaya sistem sebesar $43.455,69 dengan total emisi 9.617,90 tCO₂. Setelah penetrasi RES+BESS sebesar 30%, total biaya menurun menjadi $35.105,33, total emisi menjadi 6.630,55 tCO₂, dan biaya rugi daya menurun dari $4.444,97 menjadi $2.488,89. Selain itu, penerapan skema carbon tax & trade menunjukkan bahwa generator dengan emisi melebihi emission cap dikenakan pajak karbon, sedangkan generator dengan emisi di bawah batas dapat memperoleh pendapatan melalui perdagangan karbon. Dengan demikian, integrasi RES dan BESS yang dikombinasikan dengan regulasi karbon dapat meningkatkan efisiensi operasi sistem sekaligus mendukung pengurangan emisi karbon pada sistem tenaga listrik multi-area.
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Carbon emissions from fossil fuel-based power plants have become one of the main challenges in the operation of modern electric power systems. Emission reduction efforts can be carried out through the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), and the implementation of carbon economic regulations such as carbon tax and carbon trading. However, the integration of renewable energy presents challenges due to its intermittent nature, which can affect the supply–demand balance and power quality. Therefore, energy storage systems are required to maintain the reliability of system operation. This study discusses the optimization of power flow in a multi-area electric power system integrated with renewable energy and energy storage by considering operating costs, carbon emissions, power losses, and carbon tax and trading mechanisms. The system used in this study is a modified IEEE 14-Bus multi-area system with the addition of conventional generators, RES, and BESS. The method used is Multi-Objective Mixed Integer Quadratic Constrained Programming (MOMIQCP) within the framework of Multi-Objective Dynamic Optimal Power Flow (MODOPF). The multi-objective problem is solved using the Pareto optimal solution approach and the fuzzy satisfaction-maximizing method to obtain the best compromise solution among total cost, total emissions, and total power losses. The simulation results show that increasing RES and BESS penetration can reduce the operating cost, carbon emissions, and power loss cost of the system. In the basecase condition, the total system cost is $43,455.69 with total emissions of 9,617.90 tCO₂. After 30% RES+BESS penetration, the total cost decreases to $35,105.33, total emissions decrease to 6,630.55 tCO₂, and the power loss cost decreases from $4,444.97 to $2,488.89. In addition, the implementation of the carbon tax and trading scheme shows that generators with emissions exceeding the emission cap are subject to carbon tax, while generators with emissions below the cap can earn revenue through carbon trading. Therefore, the integration of RES and BESS combined with carbon regulations can improve system operating efficiency while supporting carbon emission reduction in multi-area electric power systems.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Aliran Daya Optimal Dinamis Multi Area Multi Objektif, Pajak Karbon, Emisi Karbon, Energi Terbarukan, Penyimpanan Energi. Multi-Area Multi-Objective Dynamic Optimal Power Flow, Carbon Tax, Carbon Emission, Renewable Energy, Energy Storage. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1001 Production of electric energy or power |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Fariz Rifqi Naufal Arrafi |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2026 07:09 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2026 07:09 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136300 |
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