Keterkaitan Tutupan Lahan Reklamasi Dengan Indikator Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Dan Karakteristik Air Di Void Melawan Panel 2

Irfatongga, Gigih Anugrah (2026) Keterkaitan Tutupan Lahan Reklamasi Dengan Indikator Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Dan Karakteristik Air Di Void Melawan Panel 2. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kegiatan pertambangan batubara terbuka meninggalkan perubahan bentang lahan yang cukup besar, salah satunya berupa lubang bekas tambang (void) yang akan terisi air hujan dan limpasan permukaan. Kondisi ini juga terjadi pada void Melawan Panel 2 yang berada di area operasional PT Kaltim Prima Coal, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur. Pit Melawan Panel 2 selesai ditambang sekitar tahun 2019 dan sejak itu berubah menjadi void permanen. Kualitas air didalam void akan dipengaruhi oleh interaksi air dengan material sisa kegiatan tambang. Proses geokimia yang terjadi berpotensi memengaruhi kondisi perairan, khususnya pada parameter pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), besi (Fe), dan mangan (Mn). Variasi karakteristik air void menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini bersifat dinamis dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan di area sekitarnya. Salah satu faktor lingkungan yang berpotensi berperan adalah kondisi tutupan lahan pada catchment area. Dalam kegiatan reklamasi, tutupan lahan memberikan gambaran mengenai perkembangan vegetasi yang secara teoritis berkaitan dengan pengendalian limpasan, erosi, dan transport sedimen menuju ke dalam void. Reklamasi pada catchment area Melawan Panel 2 telah dilakukan bertahap mulai tahun 2011 hingga 2025, sehingga kondisi vegetasi pada area ini berpotensi memengaruhi dinamika kualitas air void. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterkaitan antara kualitas tutupan lahan reklamasi pada catchment area dengan karakteristik kualitas air Void Melawan Panel 2. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan bersifat mixed-method, yang mengintegrasikan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Secara kuantitatif, dinamika tutupan lahan reklamasi dievaluasi menggunakan nilai Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) yang dihitung dari citra satelit periode 2020 2026, sementara kualitas air void dianalisis berdasarkan parameter pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), besi (Fe), dan mangan (Mn) selama periode 2024–2026. Perbedaan karakteristik air void antar musim diuji menggunakan paired t-test untuk data berdistribusi normal dan uji Wilcoxon untuk data tidak normal, setelah sebelumnya dilakukan uji normalitas. Uji tren dilakukan menggunakan Kendall's tau-b, sedangkan keterkaitan antarvariabel dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Spearman. Secara kualitatif, konfirmasi dan interpretasi hasil dilakukan melalui Metode Delphi yang melibatkan panel ahli, praktisi pertambangan, dan masyarakat sekitar tambang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kondisi tutupan lahan reklamasi pada catchment area mengalami peningkatan selama periode 2020–2026, yang ditunjukkan oleh meningkatnya proporsi vegetasi sedang dari 18% menjadi 54% serta tren peningkatan yang signifikan berdasarkan uji Kendall's tau-b (τ = 0,851; p < 0,05). Karakteristik kualitas air void berdasarkan parameter pH, TSS, Fe, dan Mn selama periode 2024–2026 menunjukkan kondisi yang relatif stabil dan masih berada di bawah baku mutu air limbah pertambangan batubara. Hasil uji beda musim menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan pada seluruh parameter kualitas air (p > 0,05), yang mengindikasikan kestabilan sistem perairan void terhadap pengaruh musiman. Hasil analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa nilai NDVI memiliki hubungan positif kuat dan signifikan terhadap pH (r = 0,690; p < 0,001) serta hubungan negatif kuat dan signifikan terhadap Mn (r = −0,628; p < 0,001), sedangkan hubungan terhadap TSS dan Fe tergolong lemah dan tidak signifikan. Hasil Metode Delphi mengonfirmasi bahwa perkembangan vegetasi reklamasi pada catchment area berpotensi berperan dalam menjaga kestabilan kondisi lingkungan perairan void melalui pengendalian limpasan, erosi, dan mobilitas material menuju badan air. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengelolaan tutupan lahan reklamasi pada catchment area merupakan aspek penting dalam mendukung kestabilan kualitas lingkungan void pascatambang secara berkelanjutan.
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Open-pit coal mining activities leave significant alterations to the landscape, one of which is the formation of post-mining pits (voids) that are subsequently filled with rainwater and surface runoff. This condition also occurs at Void Melawan Panel 2, located within the operational area of PT Kaltim Prima Coal in Kutai Timur Regency, East Kalimantan. The Melawan Panel 2 pit was completely mined around 2019 and has since transformed into a permanent mine void. Water quality within the void is influenced by interactions between water and residual mining materials. The geochemical processes occurring within the system may affect aquatic conditions, particularly parameters such as pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Variations in void water characteristics indicate that this system is dynamic and influenced by environmental factors in the surrounding area. One such factor is the land cover condition within the catchment area. In reclamation activities, land cover reflects vegetation development, which is theoretically associated with the control of runoff, erosion, and sediment transport into the void. Reclamation within the Melawan Panel 2 catchment area has been conducted progressively from 2011 to 2025, such that vegetation conditions in this area potentially influence the dynamics of void water quality. This study aims to analyze the relationship between reclamation land cover quality within the catchment area and the water quality characteristics of Void Melawan Panel 2. A mixed-method approach was applied, integrating both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitatively, the dynamics of reclamation land cover were evaluated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from satellite imagery for the 2020–2026 period, while void water quality was assessed based on pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) parameters during the 2024–2026 period. Differences in void water characteristics between seasons were examined using a paired t-test for normally distributed data and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for non-normal data, following a prior normality test. Trend analysis was conducted using Kendall's tau b, and the relationships between variables were examined using Spearman correlation. Qualitatively, the findings were confirmed and interpreted through the Delphi Method involving a panel of experts, mining practitioners, and the surrounding community. The results showed that reclamation land cover conditions within the catchment area improved during the 2020–2026 period, indicated by an increase in moderate vegetation proportion from 18% to 54% and a significant increasing trend based on Kendall's tau-b (τ = 0.851; p < 0.05). Void water quality based on pH, TSS, Fe, and Mn parameters during the 2024–2026 period showed relatively stable conditions, remaining below the coal mining wastewater quality standards. Seasonal difference tests showed no significant difference between the dry and wet seasons across all water quality parameters (p > 0.05), indicating the stability of the void water system against seasonal influences. Spearman correlation analysis showed that NDVI values had a strong and significant positive relationship with pH (r = 0.690; p < 0.001) and a strong and significant negative relationship with Mn (r = −0.628; p < 0.001), while the relationships with TSS and Fe were weak and not statistically significant. The Delphi Method results confirmed that the development of reclamation vegetation within the catchment area potentially contributes to maintaining the environmental stability of void waters through the control of runoff, erosion, and material transport into the water body. These findings indicate that reclamation land cover management within the catchment area is an important aspect in supporting the long-term stability of void environmental quality in post mining management.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Void Tambang, Tutupan Lahan Reklamasi, NDVI, Catchment Area, Kualitas Air Void Mine Void, Reclamation Land Cover, NDVI, Catchment Area, Void Water Quality
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Gigih Anugrah Irfatongga
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 08:14
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 08:14
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136303

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