Analisis Kegagalan Tube Pada Waste Heat Boiler Di Pabrik Amonia

Muzhaffar, Khalfani Faiz (2026) Analisis Kegagalan Tube Pada Waste Heat Boiler Di Pabrik Amonia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Tube pada Waste Heat Boiler (WHB) merupakan komponen utama yang berfungsi sebagai media perpindahan panas dan beroperasi pada kondisi temperatur serta tekanan tinggi sehingga rentan mengalami degradasi material. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi penyebab dan mekanisme kegagalan pada tube material 13CrMo44 yang mengalami thinning hingga menyebabkan leakage. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pemeriksaan visual dan makrografi, pengujian komposisi kimia menggunakan Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), pengamatan mikrostruktur, pengujian kekerasan, serta karakterisasi produk korosi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa material yang digunakan sesuai dengan spesifikasi 13CrMo44. Hasil XRD menunjukkan dominasi fasa magnetit (Fe₃O₄) dengan sedikit kandungan hematit (Fe₂O₃), sedangkan hasil EDS menunjukkan dominasi unsur Fe dan O pada area kerusakan yang mengindikasikan terbentuknya produk oksidasi pada permukaan tube. Keberadaan hematit dalam jumlah kecil menunjukkan terjadinya oksidasi lanjutan dari magnetit selama proses operasi. Mekanisme kegagalan diawali dengan pembentukan dan pertumbuhan lapisan magnetit pada permukaan outer diameter tube akibat oksidasi temperatur tinggi yang berlangsung secara terus-menerus. Seiring waktu, lapisan oksida mengalami penebalan, menjadi lebih rapuh, dan mengalami retak serta spallation, sehingga memungkinkan proses oksidasi berulang pada permukaan logam. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan korosi lokal berkembang secara progresif hingga mengakibatkan penipisan dinding (thinning) dan pada akhirnya menyebabkan leakage pada tube.
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Tube in a Waste Heat Boiler (WHB) is a critical component that functions as a heat transfer medium and operates under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, making it susceptible to material degradation. This study aims to investigate the causes and failure mechanisms of a 13CrMo44 tube that experienced wall thinning leading to leakage. The methods employed in this study included visual and macrographic examination, chemical composition analysis using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), microstructural observation, hardness testing, and corrosion product characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The test results indicated that the material used met the specifications of 13CrMo44 steel. XRD analysis showed that the corrosion products were predominantly composed of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) with a small amount of hematite (Fe₂O₃), while EDS results revealed the dominance of Fe and O elements in the damaged area, indicating the formation of oxide products on the tube surface. The presence of a small amount of hematite indicated further oxidation of magnetite during operation. The failure mechanism was initiated by the formation and growth of a magnetite layer on the outer diameter surface of the tube due to continuous high-temperature oxidation. Over time, the oxide layer became thicker, more brittle, and prone to cracking and spallation, allowing repeated oxidation processes on the metal surface. This condition promoted the progressive development of localized corrosion, resulting in wall thinning and ultimately causing tube leakage.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	13CrMo44, Waste Heat Boiler, oksidasi, thinning, leakage, 13CrMo44, Waste Heat Boiler, oxidation, thinning, leakage
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA169.5 Failure analysis T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.75 Corrosion-resistant materials T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA462 Metal Corrosion and protection against corrosion
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Khalfani Faiz Muzhaffar
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 08:40
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 08:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136326

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