Desain Pabrik Biogasoline Dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dengan Proses Deoksigenasi

Putri, Aisya Dwiagung and Deda, Silvana Lidya Christanti Rafalina (2026) Desain Pabrik Biogasoline Dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dengan Proses Deoksigenasi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ketersediaan bahan bakar fosil yang semakin menurun serta meningkatnya kebutuhan energi nasional mendorong pengembangan bahan bakar alternatif yang berkelanjutan. Salah satu potensi bahan baku yang melimpah di Indonesia adalah Crude Palm Oil (CPO) off-grade, yaitu fraksi CPO bermutu rendah yang umumnya tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, pada laporan tugas akhir ini dilakukan perancangan pabrik biogasoline berbahan baku CPO off-grade melalui proses deoksigenasi dan hydrocracking sebagai upaya peningkatan nilai tambah sekaligus mendukung transisi energi terbarukan. Pabrik dirancang beroperasi secara kontinu dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar ±400.000 kL biogasoline per tahun dan waktu operasi 8.000 jam per tahun. Proses diawali dengan tahap pretreatment yang meliputi degumming, bleaching, dan drying untuk menghilangkan fosfatida, logam, air, serta pengotor lainnya dari CPO off-grade. Selanjutnya, minyak hasil pretreatment direaksikan dalam reaktor deoksigenasi tipe fixed bed dengan penambahan hidrogen (H₂ make-up) menggunakan katalis NiMo/Al₂O₃. Reaksi deoksigenasi berlangsung melalui mekanisme hidrodeoeksigenasi (HDO), dekarboksilasi (DCO₂), dan dekarbonilasi (DCO), menghasilkan campuran hidrokarbon jenuh rantai menengah hingga panjang. Produk keluaran reaktor deoksigenasi kemudian dipisahkan menggunakan flash tank separator untuk memisahkan fasa gas dan cair. Fraksi hidrokarbon berat selanjutnya diproses pada unit hydrocracking untuk menghasilkan fraksi hidrokarbon yang lebih ringan. Pemisahan lanjutan dilakukan menggunakan hot high pressure separator, cold high pressure separator, hot low pressure separator, dan decanter, sebelum akhirnya dipisahkan secara fraksional pada dua kolom distilasi. Produk utama yang dihasilkan adalah biogasoline (C₅–C₁₂), sedangkan produk samping berupa green diesel (C₁₃–C₂₀) dan gas ringan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar sistem utilitas. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan bahwa pabrik biogasoline dari CPO off-grade layak secara teknis dan ekonomis. Analisis ekonomi memberikan nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 16,72%, Net Present Value (NPV) positif, serta Pay Out Time selama 8 tahun. Dengan demikian, pabrik ini berpotensi menjadi solusi pemanfaatan CPO off-grade sebagai bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan.
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The decreasing availability of fossil fuels and the increasing national energy demand have encouraged the development of sustainable alternative fuels. One potential renewable feedstock abundantly available in Indonesia is off-grade Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which is generally underutilized due to its low quality. Therefore, this final project presents the design of a biogasoline production plant using off-grade CPO through deoxygenation and hydrocracking processes as an effort to increase its added value while supporting the energy transition toward renewable fuels. The plant is designed to operate continuously with a production capacity of approximately ±400,000 kL of biogasoline per year and an operating time of 8,000 hours per year. The process begins with a pretreatment stage consisting of degumming, bleaching, and drying to remove phosphatides, metals, water, and other impurities from the off-grade CPO. The pretreated oil is then fed into a fixed-bed deoxygenation reactor with hydrogen make-up using a NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The deoxygenation reactions proceed through hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), decarboxylation (DCO₂), and decarbonylation (DCO) pathways, producing a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons with medium to long carbon chains. The effluent from the deoxygenation reactor is subsequently separated in a flash tank to remove gaseous components. The heavy hydrocarbon fraction is further processed in a hydrocracking unit to convert long-chain hydrocarbons into lighter fractions. Downstream separation is carried out using a hot high-pressure separator, cold high-pressure separator, hot low-pressure separator, and a decanter. Final product separation is achieved through two distillation columns. The main product obtained is biogasoline (C₅–C₁₂), while the by-product consists of green diesel (C₁₃–C₂₀). Light gases generated during the process are utilized as fuel for utility systems. The design results indicate that the biogasoline plant utilizing off-grade CPO is technically and economically feasible. Economic analysis shows a positive Net Present Value (NPV), an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 16.72%, and a Pay Out Time of approximately 8 years. Thus, the proposed plant has strong potential as a sustainable solution for converting off-grade CPO into renewable transportation fuels.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biogasoline, CPO off-grade, Deoksigenasi, Hydrocracking Biogasoline, Off-grade Crude Palm Oil, Deoxygenation, Hydrocracking
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Aisya Dwiagung Putri
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 03:35
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 03:35
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136360

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