Evaluasi Efektivitas Strategi Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik dalam Mewujudkan Keberlanjutan IPAL Komunal di Kecamatan Kebomas, Kabupaten Gresik

Sady, Mohammad Arsyad (2026) Evaluasi Efektivitas Strategi Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik dalam Mewujudkan Keberlanjutan IPAL Komunal di Kecamatan Kebomas, Kabupaten Gresik. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kecamatan Kebomas menghadapi tantangan besar dalam pengelolaan air limbah domestik akibat operasional IPAL Komunal yang tidak optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas strategi pengelolaan air limbah domestik dalam mewujudkan keberlanjutan IPAL Komunal melalui tiga pilar evaluasi utama yaitu aspek teknis, kelembagaan, dan finansial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi analisis teknis melalui uji laboratorium terhadap parameter BOD, COD, dan TSS serta perhitungan efisiensi penyisihan. Analisis kelembagaan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menilai kapasitas pengurus KPP serta didukung survei kuesioner kepada 86 responden pelanggan untuk memetakan kepatuhan iuran dan dukungan masyarakat. Sementara itu, analisis finansial dilakukan melalui evaluasi struktur pembiayaan operasional dan proyeksi arus kas. Hasil penelitian mengungkap temuan krusial pada aspek teknis di mana seluruh IPAL lokasi studi evaluasi (Karangmas, Sentosa, dan Sejahtera) mengalami kondisi underloading berat dengan konsentrasi COD influen hanya mencapai 15% dari beban desain yang mengindikasikan adanya pengenceran air limbah yang signifikan. Pada aspek kelembagaan ditemukan adanya funding gap di mana meskipun pengurus telah menerima pelatihan namun indeks kesadaran dalam menjalankan tupoksi masih rendah yang menyebabkan pemeliharaan bersifat reaktif. Sedangkan aspek finansial tercatat bahwa rendahnya dukungan finansial dari iuran pelanggan berhubungan langsung terhadap dengan kas operasional yang di mana dana yang terkumpul tidak mencukupi untuk biaya depresiasi atau kerusakan besar. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut rekomendasi strategis yang diusulkan secara teknis adalah melakukan investigasi ulang sambungan rumah guna memastikan seluruh air limbah non kakus masuk ke sistem untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja biologis reaktor. Dari aspek kelembagaan dilakukan formalisasi KPP melalui legalitas hukum yang kuat. Sedangkan secara finansial menerapkan sistem tarif proporsional yang transparan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa strategi pengelolaan air limbah domestik di Kecamatan Kebomas harus bergeser dari sekadar pembangunan fisik menuju penguatan tata kelola berbasis partisipasi masyarakat untuk mewujudkan keberlanjutan layanan jangka panjang.
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Kebomas District faces a major challenge in domestic wastewater management due to the sub-optimal operation of Communal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of domestic wastewater management strategies in achieving the sustainability of Communal WWTPs through three main evaluation technical, institutional, and financial aspects. The research methodology includes a technical analysis through laboratory testing of BOD, COD, and TSS parameters, as well as the calculation of removal efficiencies. The institutional analysis employs a qualitative descriptive method to assess the capacity of the community-led management group (KPP) supported by a questionnaire survey of 86 customer respondents to map fee compliance and community support. Meanwhile the financial analysis is conducted through an evaluation of the operational financing structure and cash flow projections. The results reveal crucial findings on the technical aspect, where all WWTP at the evaluation study sites (Karangmas, Sentosa, and Sejahtera) experience severe underloading conditions, with influent COD concentrations reaching only 15% of the design load, indicating significant wastewater dilution. On the institutional aspect, a gap is identified where, despite having received training, the operators awareness index in executing their core duties and functions remains low, resulting in reactive maintenance. Regarding the financial aspect, it is noted that low financial support from customer fees is directly related to operational cash where the collected funds are insufficient to cover depreciation costs or major repairs. Based on these findings the proposed strategic recommendations technically involve reinvestigating house connections to ensure all greywater enters the system to optimize the biological performance of the reactor. From the institutional aspect, it is recommended to formalize the KPP through legal recognition. Professionally, the financial strategy suggests implementing a transparent and proportional tariff system. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the domestic wastewater management strategy in Kebomas District must shift from mere physical construction toward strengthening participatory-based governance to achieve longterm service sustainability.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Air Limbah Domestik, IPAL Komunal, Keberlanjutan, Kebomas, Domestic Wastewater, Communal WWTP, Sustainability, Kebomas.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Mohammad Arsyad Sa'dy
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 02:26
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 02:26
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136395

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